ABSTRACT
Seafood samples from the fishing ground closure areas of Mississippi Gulf Coast that were affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster were collected and analyzed for twenty-five 2- to 6-ring PAHs, about one month after the first day of incident. A total of 278 seafood samples consisting of 86 fishes, 65 shrimps, 59 crabs, and 68 oysters were collected and analyzed weekly from May 27, 2010 until October 2010 and monthly thereafter until August 2011. Statistically higher levels of total PAHs were detected in all four types of seafood samples during early part of the sampling period compared to the later months. There was no significant concentration difference between PAHs detected in the oyster samples for the current study and the 10-year historical data from the NOAA Mussel Watch program. The PAH levels in the tested seafood samples were similar to those detected in commonly consumed processed foods purchased from local grocery stores and restaurants. Overall, the levels of PAHs in all the tested seafood samples collected within one-year period after the Oil Spill incident were far below the public health Levels of Concern (LOC) established jointly by the NOAA/FDA/Gulf Coast states under the protocol to reopen state and federal waters.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Petroleum Pollution/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Seafood/analysis , Animals , Bivalvia/chemistry , Brachyura/chemistry , Decapoda/chemistry , Fishes , Food Handling , Geography , Meat/analysis , Mississippi , Ostreidae/chemistry , Reference Standards , Restaurants , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Cyromazine is used as an additive in poultry feed to inhibit the development of fly larvae in chicken manure. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method AG-555, modified from method AG-376, has been the standard method for cyromazine analysis in poultry feed. However, these methods are time-consuming ( approximately 3 h) and require large volumes (200 mL) of solvent. This study developed an extraction procedure using the QuEChERS method that is faster ( approximately 30 min) and uses 20 times less solvent than the AG-555 method. After extraction using the QuEChERS method, the extractant was subjected to cleanup using a C-18 solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by filtering through a 0.45 microm syringe Teflon filter before the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Recovery of 75.0 +/- 6.2% was achieved. The method detection limit (MDL) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.028 and 0.094 ppm, respectively. Analyses of commercial poultry feed samples using the QuEChERS method yielded results similar to those obtained via EPA method AG-555.
