ABSTRACT
A lack of factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) results in hemophilia, a blood-clotting illness. The mode of inheritance is chromosome X-linked and recessive. The primary symptom of severe hemophilia is spontaneous and recurrent bleeding into joints, muscles, and soft tissues. Unpreventable bleeding may cause arthropathy, chronic discomfort, and muscular atrophy. Therefore, joints' functional loss affects the functional and walking ability. The aim of this study was to determine the walking ability by measuring the 50-m walk test time in severe hemophilic patients, as compared to the normal population. Sixty subjects (males) in the 18-30 year age group were selected and comprised 30 hemophiliacs and 30 in a control group. The 50-m walking ability was measured in seconds. The results showed a normative value of 36.6 sec in the control and 67.2 sec in the hemophilic group. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the walking ability was significantly reduced in the hemophilic group. These normative values illustrate a useful, simple, reproducible, rapid assessment of walking disability in adults with hemophilic arthropathy, and also aid the planning of treatment.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Morphological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is usually based on lymph node biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is important for staging, and morphology alone can be challenging for subtyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) allows a more precise diagnosis and characterization of NHL using monoclonal antibodies. However, there is a need for a minimal panel that can provide maximum information at an affordable cost. METHODS: All newly diagnosed cases of B-cell NHL with bone marrow infiltration between 2017 and 2019 were included. BMB was the primary procedure for diagnosing B-cell NHL. Subtyping of lymphomas was performed by immunophenotyping using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on IHC. The primary diagnostic panel of antibodies for B-cell NHL included CD19, CD20, CD79, CD5, CD23, CD10, Kappa, and Lambda. The extended panel of antibodies for further subtyping included CD30, CD45, CD56, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6. RESULTS: All cases of B-cell NHL were classified into the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-CLL groups based on morphology and primary IHC panel. In the CLL group, the most significant findings were CD5 expression, CD23 expression, dim CD79 expression, and weak surface immunoglobulin (Ig) positivity. In the non-CLL group, they were CD5 expression, positive or negative CD23 expression, strong CD79 expression, and strong surface Ig expression. An extended panel was used for further subtyping of non-CLL cases, which comprised CD10, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6. CONCLUSION: We propose a two-tier approach for immunophenotypic analysis of newly diagnosed B-cell NHL cases with a minimum primary panel including CD5, CD23, CD79, Kappa, and Lambda for differentiation into CLL/non-CLL group and Kappa and Lambda for clonality assessment. An extended panel may be used wherever required for further subtyping of non-CLL.
ABSTRACT
Atrioventricular blocks or sinoatrial blocks are rarely described in patients with thyrotoxicosis or thyroid storm. The mechanism of these blocks remains obscure. Thyroid storm, being an emergency situation requires early diagnosis and management because if left untreated, it may prove fatal. Usually patients with AV blocks require pacing (temporary or permanent). Here we describe a case who developed AV blocks, did not undergo pacing, but recovered only on antithyroid treatment.
