ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacy residency programs traditionally prioritize clinical skills development. However, non-clinical competencies, such as leadership, conducting education, and innovation, are now emerging as pivotal factors in propelling pharmacists toward excellence in practice. The extent to which these non-clinical skills are effectively fostered by residency programs remains unclear. This study aims to explore how residency programs propel the development of crucial non-clinical competencies such as leadership, conducting education, and innovation. METHODS: Pharmacists who completed a pharmacy residency program and their preceptors from a tertiary teaching hospital took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis, employing an inductive approach and aided by NVivo software, was used to identify recurrent themes in the interview responses. RESULTS: Competency development was shaped by four key themes: system-dependent facilitators, system-dependent barriers, individual resident attitudes, and pharmacy department influences. The structure of the residency program was perceived to strongly support competency development in conducting education. The impact on the leadership and innovation competencies development was comparatively lesser. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy residency is perceived as effective in supporting non-clinical competency development when there is a clear structured framework with objectives and guidance for pre-defined activities and tasks known to support competency development. Ambiguity and a lack of standardized guidance in developing specific competencies were identified as factors that diminish their relevance for both residents and preceptors. To enhance residency programs, it is essential to establish clear frameworks, with pre-defined objectives and activities known to support competency development and supplement them with the necessary skills-building courses where appropriate.
