[Moodle, a credible alternative pedagogy for teaching medicine in a tropical environment to address large numbers and pandemic situations?] / Moodle, une pédagogie alternative crédible d'enseignement de la médecine en milieu tropical pour répondre aux grands nombres et aux situations de pandémie?

Introduction: Moodle is an interactive online education platform, a true virtual amphitheater, breaking down geographical and space barriers, capable of offering continuous education even in times of war or pandemic. Aim: To show the possible contribution of Moodle in the teaching of medicine in tropical environments to respond to large numbers and pandemic situations. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey. It was conducted in June 2019 at Joseph KI-ZERBO University of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. It consisted of a questionnaire submitted to Master 1 students of medicine and to their teachers. The survey focused on the solutions that students would propose to improve their learning conditions, the role that Moodle could play in improving their learning, as well as the prerequisites to be resolved before adopting Moodle. The respondent rate was 75.6% of the entire promotion. Results: For students Moodle is a good alternative to conventional education. However, prerequisites must be fulfilled such as the donation of computer to each student (90.3%), the availability of a good connection for all (96%), their training prior to the use of Moodle. Students found no harm in their online assessment via Moodle provided it was reliable and verifiable when needed. Teachers in 38% wanted teaching to remain traditional, face to face against 62% who advocated its abandonment in favor of new teaching methods like Moodle provided that the right conditions are in place. Conclusion: Moodle is a credible e-learning that can facilitate the management of large numbers and ensure the continuity of lessons learned in a pandemic situation despite the need for containment. However, it must be a mastered technique, applied on prepared ground.

[The flexibility of family medicine]. / La flexibilité en médecine générale.

We are a European academic group of family doctors and we propose a definition of flexibility in family medicine. A review of the literature shows that flexibility and complexity are emerging concepts in the field of family practice. The outcomes of a workshop at the WONCA-Europe congress in 2014 are discussed. The flexibility is a capability of the general practitioner to deal with complex clinical situations in a biomedical and societal changing world. Flexibility is framed by ethics. It could improve the quality of care, be useful against burnout and used in medical research. In conclusion, family medicine should adopt a specific definition of the flexibility describing its specificity, a useful and teachable capacity.

[Television, advertising, and nutritional behavior of children]. / Télévision, publicité télévisée et comportement alimentaire de l'enfant.

The more and more prevalent misuse of custom of TV programs is a society's phenomenon, specially in the rich countries. This misuse is particularly dangerous for children, because of the implication of three factors: repercussion on health and familial climate, inauspicious impact of advertisings and nibling's phenomenon. Therefore, the children are manipulated, even if they keep a critical mind; in fact, they are very receptive, and by seduction-persuasion, they undergo an indoctrination according to the felt pleasure. In order to better understand the importance of this phenomenon day be day, an inquiry has been realised in school, near 509 pupils from 6 to 10 years old, in Moselle, and near they relatives, thanks to a questionnaire concerning the interdependance between TV, advertisings and nutritional behavior of children. The results demonstrate that more than 97% of children look at TV almost each day, the weekly average being about 25 hours, that's to say 2 H 40 the days with school and 5 H the free days. 75% of children practice the nibbling during the projection of programs. The power of advertising for foods is very strong: 75% of children eat them regularly. Then there is a defect of normal diet of children, under the pressure of a sure indoctrination induced by the advertisings. This is a social phenomenon capable to lead progressively to pathological consequences: obesity, cardio-vascular diseases, degenerative troubles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Adolescent medicine in private practice ]. / La médecine des adolescents dans l'activité des généralistes et des pédiatres de ville.

Out of 13,455 private practice examinations performed over 6 months by 3 pediatricians and 2 general practitioners 4.2% concerned adolescents, aged 10 to 19, while they represent 16% of the population of the area. Pediatricians see less adolescents than general practitioners, and only adolescents under 14. Adolescents from workers' families seem to seek less medical advice than one would expect from their number in the population. Among the causes, respiratory infections come first, followed by requests for various medical certificates. For general practitioners, gynecologic and obstetrical problems represent one third of the reasons for consultations in girls and two thirds after 15 years.