ABSTRACT
This study examines a perennial problem in anthropology, changes in postmarital residence patterning. Cross-cultural patterns related to shifts from patrilocal to matrilocal patterns have been attributed to changes in subsistence and/or the result of migrants entering a populated region. Shifts from matrilocal to multilocal patterns have been found to be related to depopulation. This study examines these possibilities in an archeological context through morphometric analyses of human dentition. Comparisons in variability among males and females are made at four Fort Ancient sites in the Middle Ohio Valley that date to sequential time periods between circa A.D. 1000 and 1650. Results show that the earliest site (Turpin) that was occupied during the transition to maize agriculture was patrilocal, whereas two subsequent sites (Anderson and SunWatch) that were occupied after the transition to a maize-focused diet reflect a matrilocal pattern. The most recently occupied site (Madisonville), occupied during a time of depopulation of the region after a decline in levels of maize consumption and a marked population shuffling contains a multilocal pattern. These results fit well with the various cross-cultural findings regarding shifts in postmarital residence patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:270-278, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Indians, North American , Population Dynamics , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Anthropology, Physical , Female , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, Medieval , Human Migration , Humans , Indians, North American/ethnology , Indians, North American/history , Male , Marriage , Odontometry , OhioABSTRACT
Recently, the Seaman Family Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, unveiled leading technology with its moveable intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The new system, which is housed in the OR, allows surgeons to use well-established neurosurgical techniques and instrumentation with the convenience of moving the high-resolution magnet in and out of the surgical field at any time. This mobility provides surgical team members with updated images that are vital to ensuring quality and determining the effect of surgery on brain structure and function. Based on experiences with the first 48 patients, this article describes the intraoperative MRI method and provides pertinent guidelines for safe perioperative care using this innovative MRI system.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neurosurgery/nursing , Operating Rooms , Perioperative Nursing , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alberta , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/nursing , Electromagnetic Fields , Humans , Intraoperative Care , Intraoperative Period , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Middle Aged , Neurosurgery/methods , Perioperative Nursing/methods , Safety , Surgical EquipmentABSTRACT
PIP: Trends in interregional migration in France over the past 30 years are examined. The author notes that such migrations rose until 1975 and have subsequently stabilized, declined, and in some regions dropped steeply. Changes in the direction of internal migration over time are also described. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)^ieng
