ABSTRACT
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL) with dysplasia are closely linked conditions in the oral cavity, with the latter often indicating precancerous changes, underscoring the urgency of early detection and intervention. Histopathological confirmation is crucial for accurate diagnosis. The nucleolar organizer region (NOR), specifically analyzed through silver-staining (argyrophilic NORs), provides insights into nuclear changes associated with the lesion. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis enhances precision and objectivity in evaluating AgNOR-related parameters. Aim To conduct a computer-assisted morphometric comparison of AgNORs using various NOR-related parameters in cases of OSCC and leukoplakia with dysplasia and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. Materials and methods A computer-assisted morphometric analysis was conducted using various NOR-related parameters, such as nuclear profile area, single AgNOR profile area per nucleus, total AgNOR profile area per nucleus, and number of AgNOR profiles per nucleus on a total sample of 90 specimens, which includes leukoplakia with dysplasia (30), OSCC (30), and a control group, including 30 samples of normal oral mucosa. A comparison was conducted on the morphometric values between the groups under investigation. Tukey's multiple comparison tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data and determine the differences between the groups. Results The present investigation revealed a significant difference in all four AgNOR-related parameters between leukoplakia and OSCC in comparison to the control group (normal oral mucosa). Comparing OL (41.78 ± 0.46) and OSCC (62.78 ± 0.47) to the control group (35.93 ± 0.99), the mean value of nuclear profile area (A Nuc) was significantly greater. In comparison to the control group (3.40 ± 0.09), the mean value of a single AgNOR profile area per nucleus (A NOR) was found to be relatively lower in both research groups, OL (2.00 ± 0.02) and OSCC (1.39 ± 0.01). The total AgNOR profile area per nucleus (TA NOR) had a mean value of 10.61 ± 0.69 in OL and 12.05 ± 0.28 in OSCC, respectively, compared to 7.82 ± 0.38 in the control group. The study found that there was more number of profiles of AgNORs per nucleus (n NOR) in the study groups of OL (5.30 ± 0.29) and OSCC (8.69 ± 0.19) than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.11). Conclusion The parameters linked to the NOR are biologically informative and easy to check regularly in a pathology lab. Additionally, AgNORs give us important information that enables us to study the range of nuclear changes in malignant and potentially malignant lesions.
ABSTRACT
Background: This research set out to collate and contrast three popular luting agents-heated composite resin, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and resin cement, and light-cure resin cement by measuring their shear bond strengths. Shear bond strength was measured between lithium disilicate discs (IPS E-max) and specimens luted with heated composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE Rely X U200), light-activated resin cement (Rely X Veneer cement), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Plus, GC America). A comparison was made between the shear bond strength of standard luting cement and heated composite resin on lithium disilicate discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight lithium disilicate disc samples are collected and put on acrylic blocks for this investigation. To improve luting cement adhesion, the discs are etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) gel. For easier handling and lower viscosity during luting, the composite resin is heated to between 55 and 68°C on a digital wax melter. Shear bond strength tests were executed with the universal testing device after the following luting cement was applied in the center of the test specimen (lithium disilicate discs). Statistics software was used for the calculations and analysis. RESULTS: In accordance with the findings of the tests, shear bond strengths ranged from 2.2851 ± 0.5901 for nanohybrid composite resin to 7.3740 ± 0.6969 for self-adhesive resin cement and 4.4647 ± 0.9774 for light-activated resin cement. A statistically significant (p≤0.001) difference between the groups was found. Mean shear bond strength was significantly highest in the self-adhesive resin cement group, followed by the light-activated resin cement group, resin-modified GIC, and least with the nanohybrid composite resin group. CONCLUSION: Composite resins; in fixation of indirect restorations can have their viscosity reduced by preheating in a device, but they must be employed as soon as possible after removal. Standardizing the methods of heating composite resins for cementation is necessary to achieve desirable outcomes and direct the physician in their application. Although preheating composite resins for luting operations can be utilized to decrease the material's viscosity and enhance the restoration setting; it may not increase bond strength.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Edentulism is a debilitating and irreversible condition. It is often accompanied by compromises in the surrounding joint's range of motion and changes in the posture of the head. The natural head position is maintained by a balanced tension between cranio-cervical bones, myofacial structures and the dental occlusion. Loss of teeth may cause changes in the head posture that may disturb the patency of the spinal cord and lead to the loss of postural balance. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the head posture in the edentulous subjects before and after prosthetic rehabilitation. METHODS: A total of 16 completely edentulous subjects were selected for the study. Removable complete denture prosthesis was fabricated for all the subjects. Lateral photographs were taken at different time intervals i.e., pre-rehabilitation, 30 minutes, 2 days and 30 days post-rehabilitation. The cranio-vertical angle obtained was digitally calculated using Kinovea software and the results obtained were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The paired-sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance showed an increase in the cranio-vertical angulation of edentulous subjects after rehabilitation, indicating a mild extension of the head. CONCLUSION: The insertion of prosthesis leads to a mild extension of the head. Hence, rehabilitation with a removable prosthesis has a positive effect on the head posture and could therefore aid in maintaining a stable head posture.
ABSTRACT
Velopharyngeal insufficiency resulting from a defect in the soft palate, acquired or congenital, causes incomplete closure of the palatopharyngeal sphincter. An individual with such a defect suffers from multiple problems in eating, speaking, breathing, as well as psychological trauma, in society. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with a congenital velopharyngeal defect using a definitive speech bulb obturator and an intensive speech therapy program. The patient underwent speech therapy for a period of three months. A speech and voice assessment was conducted before and after speech therapy. A speech intelligibility test was conducted, and nasalance was measured using a nasometer. Significant improvement in speech, mastication, and velopharyngeal function was achieved after bulb reduction and speech therapy.
