ABSTRACT
A method was developed for determining the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in lipstick samples intended to be used by adults and children using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) after treatment with dilute HNO3 and hot block. The combination of fractional factorial design and Desirability function was used to evaluate the ICP OES operational parameters and the regression models using Central Composite and Doehlert designs were calculated to stablish the best working condition for all analytes. Seventeen lipstick samples manufactured in different countries with different colors and brands were analyzed. Some samples contained high concentrations of toxic elements, such as Cr and Pb, which are carcinogenic and cause allergic and eczematous dermatitis. The maximum concentration detected was higher than the permissible safe limits for human use, and the samples containing these high metal concentrations were intended for use by children. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a chemometrics tool for exploratory analysis to observe the similarities between samples relative to the metal concentrations (a correlation between Cd and Pb was observed).
Subject(s)
Cosmetics/chemistry , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Graphite/chemistry , Informatics/methods , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Adult , Cadmium/analysis , Cadmium/chemistry , Child , Chromium/analysis , Chromium/chemistry , Cobalt/analysis , Cobalt/chemistry , Copper/analysis , Copper/chemistry , Environmental Pollutants/chemistry , Humans , Lead/analysis , Lead/chemistry , Metals, Heavy/chemistry , Nickel/analysis , Nickel/chemistry , Nitric Acid/chemistryABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cádmio (Cd) e chumbo (Pb) na cultura da mostarda (Brassica juncea) e sua relação com o desenvolvimento das plantas, os teores, o acúmulo e a translocação nas raízes e na parte aérea, plantas de mostarda em solução nutritiva de Clark foram cultivadas e submetidas a doses crescentes de Cd (0,00; 0,25; 1,00; 5,00 e 10,00 mg.L-1) e de Pb (0,00; 2,50; 10,00; 50,00 e 100,00 mg.L-1). O Cd mostrou significativa translocação na planta, o que se deve à formação de um complexo entre essa espécie química e a fitoquelatina; a baixa translocação de Pb e o efeito deletério se devem a depósitos radiculares de quelatos estáveis de Pb.
With the objective of evaluating the effect of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the culture of mustard (Brassica juncea) and its relationship with plant development, levels, accumulation and translocation in roots and shoots, mustard plants were grown in Clark nutrient solution and subjected to increasing doses of Cd (0.00; 0.25; 1.00; 5.00 and 10.00 mg.L-1) and Pb (0.00; 2.50; 10.00; 50.00 and 100.00 mg.L-1). Cd showed a significant translocation into the plant, which is due to the formation of a complex between the chemical species and phytochelatin; the low translocation of Pb and deleterious effects are due to root deposits of Pb stable chelates.
