Effectiveness and safety of abatacept for the treatment of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine glands. The disease can be primary or secondary (if it is associated with another autoimmune disease). In Barring symptom management, there is no established treatment. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of abatacept as a treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome over the course of 24 months. Eleven patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome from the Rheumatology Department of Universidade Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, Brazil were enrolled for a prospective observational study. Eligible participants were diagnosed according to the 2002 American-European consensus criteria and had a score greater than 3 on the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). Participants received intravenous abatacept for 24 months at a weight-adjusted dose of 500 mg for patients weighing < 60 kg and 750 mg for those weighing > 60 kg. The outcomes were ESSDAI activity index, non-stimulated salivary flow rate, ocular dryness (Schirmer test, tear film break-up time, and ocular staining score), SF-36 questionnaire, and Fatigue domain of the FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) index. There was a statistically significant reduction in ESSDAI index and improvement of salivary flow. One subscale of the SF-36 index-emotional role functioning-showed improvement. There was no change in ocular parameters or in the FACIT index. In this sample of 11 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, abatacept therapy improved xerostomia and systemic disease activity.Key Points• Abatacept is safe and effective for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome.• Abatacept can improve salivary flow and ESSDAI index in this patient population.

O papel da espiritualidade no enfrentamento da doença de Alzheimer / The role of spirituality in dealing with Alzheimer's disease

Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica mais recente acerca do benefício da espiritualidade dentro do contexto do enfrentamento da doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica realizada por meio da busca nos bancos de dados PubMed/MEDLINE® e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Foram utilizados, para a pesquisa, os seguintes descritores: "espiritualidade", "Alzheimer" e "envelhecimento". A busca abrangeu publicações do período entre 2007 e 2017. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.430 artigos, tendo sido selecionados 89 deles pela leitura exploratória dos títulos. Destes, por meio da leitura dos resumos, foram selecionados 20, que se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: A espiritualidade corroborou de forma eficaz o enfrentamento da doença de Alzheimer, mas há necessidade de se explorar melhor essa relação, visto que o arsenal de informações literárias se encontra aquém do esperado. Deve haver uma melhor aplicabilidade das questões espirituais na prática médica, não só na doença de Alzheimer, mas como também nas comorbidades em geral. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the latest scientific literature based on the benefit of spirituality within the context of Alzheimer disease. Methods: This is a bibliographic review carried out through Pubmed/Medline®, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, in Portuguese and English. The following descriptors were used: "Spirituality", "Alzheimer" and "Aging". A total of 1430 articles were found through the period of 2007 and 2017, with 89 articles being selected for exploratory reading of the titles. By reading the abstracts, 20 articles met the inclusion criterias. Conclusion: Spirituality impacts effectively in coping Alzheimer disease. However, further studies should be carried out to clarify the relation between spitiruality and Alzheimer disease due to the lack of literature. It is necessary to better apply spiritual issues in medical practice, not only in Alzheimer disease but also in others comorbidities. (AU)