ABSTRACT
The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on II and IV nodal leaves while IV and II nodal leaves were treated with the extract and vice versa. There was tremendous reduction in conidial germination on all the nodal leaves. The disease intensity of pea powdery mildew was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of cashewnut shells. Maximum reduction was observed with 200 ppm where 39% disease intensity was recorded in comparison to 96.53% in the control. The phenolic acid content of pea leaves following treatments with this extract varied and no definite pattern was observed. Out of several phenolic compounds, namely, gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, only gallic acid was found to be present consistently in all the treatments with varied amounts.
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-(3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)-benzamide, and the antifungal strobilurins B and D were isolated from an unidentified South African soil fungus.
Subject(s)
Alkenes/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Benzamides/isolation & purification , Fungi/chemistry , Alkenes/chemistry , Alkenes/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Benzamides/chemistry , Benzamides/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/isolation & purification , Methacrylates , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Soil Microbiology , Spectrum Analysis/methods , StrobilurinsABSTRACT
One known (1) and five new polyketide metabolites (2-6) were isolated from the culture extract of an endophytic fungus, Mycelia sterila, from the Canadian thistle Cirsium arvense. Compounds 1-4 are members of the isocoumarin family, whereas metabolite 5 is a dihydrobenzofuran and 6 has an open chain structure. All compounds have an unusual methyl group at the aromatic ring that does not fit into the usual polyketide pattern.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/chemistry , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Fungi/chemistry , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Coumarins/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Germany , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
Five known and three new dihydroisocoumarins were isolated from different fungi. The new isocoumarins are 5-chloro-6-hydroxymellein, 5-chloro-4,6-dihydroxymellein and 5,6-dihydroxymellein. The absolute configuration of these secondary metabolites was confirmed by CD measurements and in two cases by X-ray structure analysis.
