ABSTRACT
Adult mouse hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons that integrate into existing hippocampal networks and modulate mood and memory. These NSCs are largely quiescent and are stimulated by niche signals to activate and produce neurons. Wnt/ß-catenin signalling acts at different steps along the hippocampal neurogenic lineage, but whether it has a direct role in the regulation of NSCs remains unclear. Here, we used Wnt/ß-catenin reporters and transcriptomic data from in vivo and in vitro models to show that adult NSCs respond to Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. Wnt/ß-catenin stimulation instructed the neuronal differentiation of proliferating NSCs and promoted the activation or differentiation of quiescent NSCs in a dose-dependent manner. However, deletion of ß-catenin in NSCs did not affect either their activation or maintenance of their stem cell characteristics. Together, these results indicate that, although NSCs do respond to Wnt/ß-catenin stimulation in a dose-dependent and state-specific manner, Wnt/ß-catenin signalling is not cell-autonomously required to maintain NSC homeostasis, which reconciles some of the contradictions in the literature as to the role of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling in adult hippocampal NSCs.
Subject(s)
Homeostasis/physiology , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Neural Stem Cells/physiology , Wnt Signaling Pathway/physiology , beta Catenin/metabolism , Adult Stem Cells/metabolism , Animals , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Female , Hippocampus/metabolism , Male , Mice , Neurogenesis/physiology , Neurons/metabolismABSTRACT
Neural stem cell numbers fall rapidly in the hippocampus of juvenile mice but stabilize during adulthood, ensuring lifelong hippocampal neurogenesis. We show that this stabilization of stem cell numbers in young adults is the result of coordinated changes in stem cell behavior. Although proliferating neural stem cells in juveniles differentiate rapidly, they increasingly return to a resting state of shallow quiescence and progress through additional self-renewing divisions in adulthood. Single-cell transcriptomics, modeling, and label retention analyses indicate that resting cells have a higher activation rate and greater contribution to neurogenesis than dormant cells, which have not left quiescence. These changes in stem cell behavior result from a progressive reduction in expression of the pro-activation protein ASCL1 because of increased post-translational degradation. These cellular mechanisms help reconcile current contradictory models of hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) dynamics and may contribute to the different rates of decline of hippocampal neurogenesis in mammalian species, including humans.
