Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Semin Diagn Pathol ; 34(4): 371-376, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28502522

ABSTRACT

The emergence of HIV/AIDS more than three decades ago led to an increased incidence of diseases caused by HHV8 co-infection, particularly Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. Over time, the development of highly effective AIDS therapies has resulted in a decreased incidence of HHV8-associated entities, which are now more commonly found in patients with undiagnosed and/or untreated AIDS. Due to their rarity, some of these diseases may be difficult to recognize without appropriate clinical information. This article provides an overview of HHV8-related disorders, with a focus on their morphologic and phenotypic features, and includes a brief overview of laboratory methods used to detect HHV8. Disease mechanisms by which the HHV8 virion promotes tumorigenesis are also reviewed.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Herpesviridae Infections/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology , Herpesviridae Infections/pathology , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Humans
2.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses ; 30(6): 567-78, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24400995

ABSTRACT

Our studies have demonstrated that chronic Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration results in a generalized attenuation of viral load and tissue inflammation in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected male rhesus macaques. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is an important site for HIV replication and inflammation that can impact disease progression. We used a systems approach to examine the duodenal immune environment in 4- to 6-year-old male rhesus monkeys inoculated intravenously with SIVMAC251 after 17 months of chronic THC administration (0.18-0.32 mg/kg, intramuscularly, twice daily). Duodenal tissue samples excised from chronic THC- (N=4) and vehicle (VEH)-treated (N=4) subjects at ∼5 months postinoculation showed lower viral load, increased duodenal integrin beta 7(+)(ß7) CD4(+) and CD8(+) central memory T cells, and a significant preferential increase in Th2 cytokine expression. Gene array analysis identified six genes that were differentially expressed in intestinal samples of the THC/SIV animals when compared to those differentially expressed between VEH/SIV and uninfected controls. These genes were identified as having significant participation in (1) apoptosis, (2) cell survival, proliferation, and morphogenesis, and (3) energy and substrate metabolic processes. Additional analysis comparing the duodenal gene expression in THC/SIV vs. VEH/SIV animals identified 93 differentially expressed genes that participate in processes involved in muscle contraction, protein folding, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. Immunohistochemical staining showed attenuated apoptosis in epithelial crypt cells of THC/SIV subjects. Our results indicate that chronic THC administration modulated duodenal T cell populations, favored a pro-Th2 cytokine balance, and decreased intestinal apoptosis. These findings reveal novel mechanisms that may potentially contribute to cannabinoid-mediated disease modulation.


Subject(s)
Dronabinol/administration & dosage , Duodenum/pathology , Duodenum/virology , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/isolation & purification , Animals , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cytokines/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Injections, Intravenous , Macaca mulatta , Male , Microarray Analysis , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Systems Biology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Viral Load
3.
Vaccine ; 30(17): 2768-77, 2012 Apr 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22349523

ABSTRACT

Impairment of host immunity, particularly CD4+ T cell deficiency, presents significant complications for vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. CD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF), is an important co-stimulatory molecule and, through interactions with its cognate receptor CD40, plays a pivotal role in the generation of host immune responses. Exploitation of CD40L and its receptor CD40 could provide a means to enhance and potentially restore protective immune responses in CD4+ T cell deficiency. To investigate the potential adjuvanticity of CD40L, we constructed recombinant plasmid DNA and adenoviral (Ad) vaccine vectors expressing murine CD40L and the mycobacterial protein antigen 85B (Ag85B). Co-immunization of mice with CD40L and Ag85B by intranasal or intramuscular prime-boosting led to route-dependent enhancement of the magnitude of vaccine-induced circulating and lung mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both normal (CD4-replete) and CD4+ T cell deficient animals, including polyfunctional T cell responses. The presence of CD40L alone was insufficient to enhance or restore CD4+ T cell responses in CD4-ablated animals; however, in partially depleted animals, co-immunization with Ag85B and CD40L was capable of eliciting enhanced T cell responses, similar to those observed in normal animals, when compared to those given vaccine antigen alone. In summary, these findings show that CD40L has the capacity to enhance the magnitude of vaccine-induced polyfunctional T cell responses in CD4+ T cell deficient mice, and warrants further study as an adjuvant for immunization against opportunistic pathogens in individuals with CD4+ T cell deficiency.


Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD40 Ligand/genetics , Genetic Vectors , Immunocompromised Host , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Acyltransferases/genetics , Acyltransferases/immunology , Adenoviridae/genetics , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/immunology , Female , Gene Expression , Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage , Immunocompetence , Lymphocyte Depletion , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Plasmids/administration & dosage , Plasmids/genetics , Respiratory Mucosa/immunology , Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage , Vaccines, DNA/genetics
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...