Subject(s)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic/rehabilitation , Return to Work , Stroke Rehabilitation , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Social Adjustment , Workplace , Young AdultABSTRACT
We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with severe and disabling apathy nearly 2 years after a right hemisphere haemorrhagic stroke. The effect of a single dose of zolpidem was tested over a 2-week period, in alternation with either no treatment or a placebo in a double-blind randomised trial. Zolpidem was associated with a dramatic improvement in apathy, as assessed with the Apathy Inventory and the Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory. No adverse effect occurred during the trial.
Subject(s)
Apathy , GABA-A Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Stroke/psychology , Adult , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Male , Stroke/drug therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , ZolpidemABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) motor nerve coordinates in relation to anatomic surface landmarks. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Anatomy institute of a school of medicine in Paris, France. CADAVERS: Fresh adult cadaver upper limbs (N=20). INTERVENTION: Anatomic dissection of upper limbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three measurements (mm) were taken of the position of the ECRL motor branch: the distance between the lateral epicondyle and the emergence of the ECRL branch along the forearm axis, the branch depth, and the ratio between the distance corresponding to the nerve depth and the intercondylar distance. RESULTS: The radial nerves of 4 men and 6 women (age range 59-80 y) were identified between the brachioradialis and the ECRL and traced proximally to the lateral epicondyle. The injection point was between the lateral epicondyle posteriorly and the wrist extensor group anteriorly. Direction was perpendicular to the axis of the forearm. Mean depth was 35.6 mm (minimal value: 24.0; maximal value: 58.0; SD=9 mm). Ratio between nerve depth and intercondylar distance was .46 (.37; .53±.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ECRL motor nerve branch is easy to reach using specified landmarks. Selective motor nerve block of the ECRL branch should be considered in the clinical assessment to test the capacity of the extensor carpi radialis brevis to extend the wrist alone and to assess the command and overactivity of antagonists before surgery.
