The contribution of HIV point-of-care tests in early HIV diagnosis: community-based HIV testing monitoring in Catalonia, 1995 to 2018.

BackgroundCommunity-based HIV testing services combined with the use of point-of-care tests (POCT) have the potential to improve early diagnosis through increasing availability, accessibility and uptake of HIV testing.AimTo describe community-based HIV testing activity in Catalonia, Spain, from 1995 to 2018, and to evaluate the impact of HIV POCT on the HIV continuum of care.MethodsA community-based network of voluntary counselling and testing services in Catalonia, Spain has been collecting systematic data on activity, process and results since 1995. A descriptive analysis was performed on pooled data, describing the data in terms of people tested and reactive screening test results.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2018, 125,876 HIV tests were performed (2.1% reactive). Since the introduction of HIV POCT in 2007, a large increase in the number of tests performed was observed, reaching 14,537 tests alone in 2018 (1.3% reactive). Men who have sex with men (MSM), as a proportion of all people tested, has increased greatly over time reaching 74.7% in 2018. The highest percentage of reactive tests was found in people who inject drugs followed by MSM. The contribution of community-based HIV testing to the overall total notified cases in the Catalonia HIV registry has gradually increased, reaching 37.9% in 2018, and 70% of all MSM cases. In 2018, the percentage of individuals with a reactive screening test who were linked to care was 89.0%.ConclusionOur study reinforces the important role that community-based HIV POCT has on the diagnosis of HIV in key populations.

[Alcohol consumption patterns in adolescence]. / Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia.

This study analyses alcohol consumption patterns and the role of social influence and risk perception of this substance on its consumption, in a sample of 1,624 secondary school students from Girona aged between 12 and 18 years (49.4% boys). The results show that 20.9% of the teenagers consider themselves regular alcohol consumers and that consumption increases with age, regardless of gender. A high percentage of consumers overcomes the high-risk health threshold, mainly amongst girls because of the gender differences in the metabolism of alcohol. Moreover, the influence of the social environment (friends and family) and risk perception of alcohol both on consumption and high-risk consumption is confirmed.

Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia / Alcohol consumption patterns in adolescence

Este estudio analiza los patrones de consumo de alcohol y el papel de la influencia social y la percepción de peligrosidad de esta sustancia en dicho consumo en una muestra de 1.624 estudiantes de Secundaria de Girona con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (49,4% chicos). Los resultados muestran que un 20,9% de los adolescentes se consideran consumidores habituales de alcohol, y que el consumo se incrementa con la edad, independientemente del género. Un porcentaje elevado de consumidores supera el umbral de alto riesgo para la salud, principalmente entre las chicas debido a las diferencias de género en la metabolización alcohólica. Asimismo se confirma la influencia del entorno (amigos y familiares) y de la percepción de peligrosidad del alcohol tanto en el consumo de esta sustancia como en su uso de alto riesgo(AU)

This study analyses alcohol consumption patterns and the role of social influence and risk perception of this substance on its consumption, in a sample of 1,624 secondary school students from Girona aged between 12 and 18 years (49.4% boys). The results show that 20.9% of the teenagers consider themselves regular alcohol consumers and that consumption increases with age, regardless of gender. A high percentage of consumers overcomes the high-risk health threshold, mainly amongst girls because of the gender differences in the metabolism of alcohol. Moreover, the influence of the social environment (friends and family) and risk perception of alcohol both on consumption and high-risk consumption is confirmed(AU)