[Use of liquid crystal eyeglasses for examination and recovery of binocular vision]. / Primeneie zhidkokristallicheskikh ochkov dlia issledovaniia i vosstanovleniia binokuliarnykh funktsii.

A new method for diploptic treatment of strabismus is proposed, based on phase division of visual fields using liquid crystal eyeglasses --computer complex. The method is based on stereovision training (allowing stereothreshold measurements up to 150 ang. sec.). The method was tried in examinations of two groups of children: 10 controls and 74 patients with strabismus. Examinations of normal controls gave new criteria for measuring fusion reserves and stereovisual acuity by the proposed method. The therapeutic method was tried in 2 groups of patients. Time course of visual function improvement was followed up by several criteria: changes in binocular status by the color test and improvement of in-depth and stereoscopic visual acuity. The method is recommended for practice. The authors discuss the problem of small angle strabismus.

[New method of visual fields color division in diploptic treatment of strabismus]. / Novyi sposob tsvetnogo razdeleniia polei zreniia v diplopticheskom lechenii kosoglaziia.

A new method of color division of the visual fields based on polarized light interference is described. A new method for diploptic therapy of strabismus is developed, based on the above principle and possessing numerous advantages. The method was used in 38 patients with binocular disorders of various severity; binocular function improved in 18. The method is particularly effective in the patients with correct position of the eyes with bifoveal fusion on the synaptophore and parallel color test vision and in the patients with binocular vision and amblyobinopia.

Nonsurgical and surgical methods of sclera reinforcement in progressive myopia.

PURPOSE: As shown by the clinical picture of progressive myopia, derangements in biomechanical properties of sclera may be more or less manifested. The study aims at the development of a discriminating approach to their correction. METHODS: Patients with the condition were given a sclera strengthening injection, in which a dose of liquid polymeric composition is injected under the Tenon's capsule on the scleral surface. After polymerization, the composition forms over the scleral surface a layer of elastic foamed gel. RESULTS: Complex experiments on 146 rabbit eyes showed that the injected material promotes collagen formation. Gradually dissolving, the gel stimulates the growth of connective tissue on the surface of the sclera, whose stress-strain parameters improve. A thorough clinical study of 240 eyes of patients aged 8-25 years with progressive 6-10 D myopia showed that the refraction remained stable in 79.6% eyes 1 year after the sclera strengthening injection and in 52.9% cases 4-9 years after the sclera strengthening injection. At the same time, fellow intact eyes have shown, respectively, 40.3% and 13.3% of myopia stabilization, and 212 untreated eyes of the control group 26.0% and 11.1%, respectively. 612 children and adolescents with high myopia and a yearly progression of over 1.0 D were subjected to a scleroplastic operation. It was found that the myopia remained stable in 95.7% cases 1 year after the operation, and in 71.9%, 7 years after the operation. If myopia progression continued after a sclera strengthening injection or scleroplasty, a second procedure was performed. Second interventions were effected on 118 eyes of 102 patients, including 42 eyes where a sclera strengthening injection followed a sclera strengthening injection, 27 eyes where scleroplasty followed a sclera strengthening injection, 31 eyes where a sclera strengthening injection followed scleroplasty, and 18 eyes on which a second scleroplasty was performed. Second interventions provide a double decrease of myopia progression rate and, in 63% of patients, stop the progression altogether. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that nonsurgical and surgical techniques of correcting the biomechanical properties of sclera for the treatment of progressive myopia as well as discriminative methods of determining the indications to these procedures have proven to be effective.

[Acoustic studies of the sclera in progressive myopia in children and adolescents]. / Akusticheskie issledovaniia sklery pri progressiruiushchei blizorukosti u detei i podrostkov.

Acoustic density of the sclera (ADS) was examined using ultrasonic scanning device Ophthascan-B in 121 eyes of 91 patients aged 9 to 17 with progressive myopia of 3.5 to 14.0 diopters. ADS of the posterior pole and eyeball equator were measured separately. ADS in health was 47.6ë0.24 dB for the posterior pole and 46.0ë0.24 dB for the equator, in myopia 41.7ë0.26 and 38.8ë0.22 d, respectively. ADS in the eyes with myopia developing at school age was reliably higher than in cases with congenital and early acquired myopia. The lowest ADS values for both the posterior pole and equator were detected in patients with high early acquired myopia.

[Occupational ophthalmopathy]. / Professional'naia oftal'mopatiia.

The authors describe a syndrome diagnosed in workers who perform tasks requiring visual strain. The syndrome comprises worse visual control, discomfort in orbital area and characteristic changes of refraction and accommodation. The young people having emmetropia and myopia demonstrate temporary and later consistent increase of refraction, and the elderly ones--decreased refraction and early development of presbyopia. In both cases marked fall of accommodation was shown. The article suggests also a possible scheme describing pathogenesis of the syndrome.

[Clinical aspects of strabismus with insufficiency of the superior oblique muscle]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti kosoglaziia s nedostatochnost'iu verkhnei kosoi myshtsy.

Clinical features of vertical strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were studied in 123 patients. A complex of clinical methods was used and clinical evaluation of these methods made. Various forms of strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were detected. Four degrees of superior oblique muscle weakness were distinguished corresponding to four degrees of inferior oblique muscle hyperfunction.

[Copper metabolism in scleral tissue and possibilities of its correction in myopia]. / Obmen medi v skleral'noi tkani i vozmozhnosti ego korrektsii pri myopii.

Copper measurements in scleral tissue of 14 cadaveric emmetropic eyes and in 10 eyes with myopia of various degrees have shown a significant reduction of these levels in the equatorial and posterior segments of myopic sclera and abnormal distribution of copper in the tissue, this indicating disordered metabolism of this trace element. A method for drug correction of the detected disorder has been experimentally tried, consisting in administration under the Tenon's capsule of a copper coordination compound on a foam composition base, used for sclera-fortifying injections in progressive myopia. This resulted in elevation of scleral copper concentration, activization of collagen biosynthesis processes, and improvement of scleral tissue elasticity.

[Effects of acute psychogenic stress on the state of several functions of the visual analyzer]. / Vliianie ostrogo psikhogennogo stressa na sostaianie nekotorykh funktsii zritel'nogo analizatora.

Accommodation and binocular functions were examined after the earthquake of 1988 in 762 residents of Armenia who had not complained of their organ of vision before. Pseudo-myopia was detected in 30 percent of the examinees, concomitant strabismus in 4, and near-sight heterophoria in 4 percent. This permits a conclusion on the direct effect of an acute psychogenic stress during calamities on accommodation and binocular functions, particularly so in children.

[The clinical characteristics and treatment tactics of vertical strabismus]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti i taktika lecheniia bol'nykh s vertikal'nym kosoglaziem.

Examination of 328 patients with vertical squint has revealed peculiarities of its clinical forms. Their characteristics are: I. Concomitant vertical squint; II. A mixed form--concomitant convergent or divergent squint with a vertical component; III. Paretic or paralytic vertical squint; IV. Atypical kinds of vertical squint. Special attention is drawn to the presence of torticollis, difference in lid slit width, pseudoptosis, diplopia. Basic principles of treatment of vertical squint corresponding the clinical form are suggested. Results of treatment in patients with different forms of vertical squint are analysed.

[Indications for keratotomy]. / O pokazaniiakh k keratotomii.

The paper analyses indication to anterior radial keratotomy. Results of the study carried out concerning the influence of uncorrected myopia on successful fulfillment of different tasks (aiming from a sporting gun, operation of a bridge crane, take off and landing on the airplane trainer, etc.) have shown that myopia of 2. OD doesn't influence the fulfillment of work not only with objects situated at near distance from the eyes but at far distance as well. Thus the mentioned myopia cannot serve as a professional indication to keratotomy. The analysis of typical complaints of patients after keratotomy allowed to distinguish 8 main complaints and to assess their incidence and causes as well as causes their of appearance. It is established that even uncomplicated keratotomy can lead to functional changes in vision lowering visual capacity for work. On the basis of all mentioned above a scheme of indications and contraindications to keratotomy is proposed.