ABSTRACT
Verbena carolina L. (Verbenaceae) is used as a decoction in Mexican folk medicine with applications against digestive problems and for dermatological infections. The present work firstly reported HPLC analysis, as well as the free radical scavenging capacity of the extracts and isolated compounds. Antimicrobial analyses of these substances against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi and the fungi Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were also tested, as well as the acute oral toxicity in mice of aqueous extracts. Major secondary metabolites in V. carolina extracts were isolated by conventional phytochemical methods which consisted of three terpenoids ((1), (3) and (4)) and four phenolic compounds ((2), (4)-(6)). Their contents were determined by HPLC in six different samples from different locations. The results indicated that ursolic acid (1), hispidulin (2), verbenaline (3), hastatoside (4), verbascoside (5), hispidulin 7-O-ß-d-glucuronopyranoside (6) and pectolinaringenin-7-O-α-d-glucuronopyranoside (7) were the main constituents and ranged from 0.17 to 3.37 mg/g of dried plant, with verbascoside being the most abundant and with a significant antioxidant activity in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hispidulin was the only active compound against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The aqueous extract showed no significant toxicity (LD50: > 5000 mg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of the chemical characterization of V. carolina and also of the activity of its constituents towards reactive oxygen species and dermatophytes, and its safety for consumption.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Verbena/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Medicine, Traditional , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/isolation & purification , Phenols/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Phytochemicals/isolation & purification , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Secondary Metabolism , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The bis-coumarin daphnoretin and its monomeric precursors scopoletin and umbelliferone were isolated for the first time from the aerial part of Loeselia mexicana Brand (a vegetal species used in Mexican traditional medicine) using chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were determined by (1) H and (13) C NMR analyses. These coumarins were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity. The three compounds tested showed significant antifungal activity.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Coumarins/pharmacology , Ferns/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Scopoletin/pharmacology , Umbelliferones/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Aspergillus niger/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Chromatography , Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Scopoletin/chemistry , Scopoletin/isolation & purification , Trichophyton/drug effects , Umbelliferones/chemistry , Umbelliferones/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
El sistema ADMINIS desarrollado sobre microcomputadora, realiza la gestión del movimiento hospitalario, del archivo de historias clínicas y de los turnos de consultas; además elabora las estadísticas de cada una de estas actividades para cualquier período a partir de la decena. Su utilización es efectiva en un hospital de hasta 500 camas. Su aplicación ha permitido mejorar la calidad del trabajo en todas las areas señaladas, ahorrar recursos humanos, disminuir el número de modelos impresos, reducir los casos de números de historias clínicas repetidos, el extravio de éstas, y aligerar los trámites de admisión
