ABSTRACT
Cylindrospermopsin is a cyanobacterial toxin of increasing environmental importance, as it can lead to disease if orally or intravenously absorbed. However, its in vivo lung impairment has not been documented. Thus, we aimed at verifying whether cylindrospermopsin can induce lung injury and establish its putative dependence on the time elapsed since exposure. BALB/c mice were intratracheally injected with either saline (NaCl 0.9%, 50 µL, SAL group, n = 12) or a sublethal dose (70 µg/kg) of semi-purified extract of cylindrospermopsin (CYN groups, n = 52). Lung mechanics, histological and biochemical analyses, and cylindrospermopsin presence in lungs and liver were determined in independent groups at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 96 h after cylindrospermopsin instillation. There was a significant increase in static elastance at 24 and 48 h after exposure to cylindrospermopsin, while viscoelastic component of elastance and viscoelastic pressure rose at 48 h. Alveolar collapse augmented in CYN groups at 8 h. A significant increase in polymorphonuclear influx into lung parenchyma, as well as a higher myeloperoxidase activity started off at 24 h. Exposure to cylindrospermopsin increased lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity and reduced catalase activity in CYN groups. The toxin was detected in lungs and liver of all CYN mice. In conclusion, cylindrospermopsin exposure impaired lung mechanics, which was preceded by lung parenchyma inflammation and oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Cyanobacteria/chemistry , Lung/drug effects , Respiratory Mechanics/drug effects , Uracil/analogs & derivatives , Alkaloids , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Bacterial Toxins , Catalase/metabolism , Cyanobacteria Toxins , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Respiratory Function Tests , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Time Factors , Uracil/administration & dosage , Uracil/toxicityABSTRACT
Se estudian los conceptos de innovación, tecnología y su importancia para el desarrollo empresarial desde los enfoques cognitivos y epistemológicos. Se define la gestión tecnológica; se exponen sus fases y alcance, así como sus características en el sistema empresarial cubano. Finalmente, se define la gestión tecnológica ambiental y las denominadas interfases.
A study is made of the concepts of innovation and technology and their importance for business development from the cognitive and epistemological points of view. Technological management is defined; its phases and reach are exposed, as well as its characteristics in the Cuban enterprise system. Finally, environmental technological management is defined as well as the interfaces.
Subject(s)
Information Management , Information Technology , CubaABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um caso de infiltracao renal por linfoma histiocitico primitivo do baco, salientando os aspectos clinicos, radiograficos e angiograficos
