Co-prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction and/or stroke in patients with depression and/or anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Co-prevalence and incidence of depression and/or anxiety with stroke and myocardial infarction are currently unclear. This paper explores the relationships, as these are important comorbidities affecting patient outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search across five databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane) was conducted for observational studies reporting co-prevalence of depression or anxiety with stroke or myocardial infarction. We used random-effects models in all meta-analyses and evaluated heterogeneity using I2. RESULTS: This analysis included 48 studies with a total of 57,342 patients. In patients with depression, the pooled prevalence of stroke was 5.9% (95% CI = 5.53-6.37). In patients with myocardial infarction, the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 9.1% (95% CI = 7.07-11.40, I2 = 85.6%) and 25.9% (95% CI = 18.46-34.12, I2 = 99.1%), respectively, and the pooled cumulative incidence of depression at one year was 20.5% (95% CI = 18.36-22.79). The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with stroke was 13.5% (95% CI = 7.67-22.66, I2 = 96.9%) and 23.0% (95% CI = 17.93-28.99, I2 = 96.7%), respectively. The pooled cumulative incidences of depression at two weeks, three months, six months, and one year, were 29.1% (95% CI = 26.60-31.81), 17.0% (95% CI = 10.74-25.92, I2 = 98.0%), 7.4% (95% CI = 6.52-8.49), and 9.1% (95% CI = 3.71-20.79, I2 = 99.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis outlines the co-morbid burden between depression/anxiety and stroke/myocardial infarction. Future research should be done to evaluate the effectiveness of screening anxiety/depression in myocardial infarction/stroke.

Perioperative steroid administration reduces overall complications in patients undergoing liver resection: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection (HR) results in an inflammatory response that can be modified by perioperative steroid administration. However, it remains to be determined if this response's attenuation translates to a reduction in complications. AIM: To evaluate if perioperative administration of steroids reduces complications following HR. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to evaluate the effect of perioperative steroid (compared to placebo or no intervention) use in patients undergoing HR. Clinical outcomes were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: 8 RCTs including 590 patients were included. Perioperative steroid administration was associated with significant reduction in postoperative complications [odds ratios: 0.58; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.35-0.97, P = 0.04]. There was also improvement in biochemical and inflammatory markers, including serum bilirubin on postoperative day 1 [MD: -0.27; 95%CI: (-0.47, -0.06), P = 0.01], C-reactive protein on postoperative day 3 [MD: -4.89; 95%CI: (-5.83, -3.95), P < 0.001], and interleukin-6 on postoperative day 1 [MD: -54.84; 95%CI: (-63.91, -45.76), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Perioperative steroids administration in HR may reduce overall complications, postoperative bilirubin, and inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration and patient selection.