Performance responses of lactating Rahmani ewes fed diet supplemented with Enterococcus faecium NRC-3 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Production of new types of probiotics for animal nutrition mainly depends on the appropriate bacterial strain and efficient substrate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of two probiotic strains containing 1.2 × 108 (CFU/g), produced on permeate media on performance responses of Rahmani ewes. Thirty early lactating ewes (about 2-3 years old and weighting on average 43.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each using a completely randomized design. The 1st group was fed the basal diet (60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 30% Egyptian clover + 10% bean straw). While the ewes in 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the basal diet + 2 g of Enterococcus faecium NRC-3(EF) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), respectively for 9 weeks. Ewes' diet supplementation with EF or LR increased (p < 0.05) dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-structural carbohydrates digestibility compared to ewes of the control group. Glucose, total protein, and albumin concentrations significantly increased in the blood of EF ewes than those of LR and control. Probiotics increased ewes' milk yield as well as milk protein, fat, and lactose yields, but no differences were observed between treatments when milk components were expressed as percentage. Milk fatty acids profile not changed due to EF or LR supplementation. Probiotics (E. faecium and L. rhamnosus) produced on cheese industry waste (permeate) have proven their ability to improve the productive performance of the lactating Rahmani ewes.

In vitro study on the effect of cytokines and auxins addition to growth medium on the micropropagation and rooting of Paulownia species (Paulownia hybrid and Paulownia tomentosa).

This study represents an efficient preliminary protocol for in vitro mass production of two Paulownia species (Paulownia hybrid and Paulownia tomentosa) seedlings by using seed explant. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) or Kinetin (Kin) (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mg/L) were tested during multiplication stage. The number of shoots/explants was significantly increased with increasing either BA or Kin concentration; however, the shoot length significantly decreased. Data show that media fortified by BA (10 mg/L) combined with indole butyric acid (IBA) at 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L recorded the highest number of shoots/explant (9.13 and 9.25, respectively). After six weeks during the multiplication stage, data cleared that media fortified by benzyladenine (10 mg/L) combined with IBA at 0.5 mg/L recorded the highest shoot length (3.23 cm). The inclusion of indole butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 1.0-1.5 mg/L to the medium significantly increased the number of roots/plantlets and the highest root length. The results indicated that IBA supplementation was more effective than NAA for in vitro rooting of both Paulownia species. The best treatment for multiplication was 10 mg/L and 8.0-10 mg/L BA for P. hybrid and P. tomentosa, respectively. Peat moss and sand (1:1, v/v) or peat moss and sand (1:2, v/v) were investigated as soil mixture during the adaptation stage. The results referred that Paulownia species plantlets were successfully survived (100 %) in soil mixture contained peat moss: sand (1:2, v/v). This mixture recorded the highest values of plantlet height and number of leaves/plantlets.

Femtosecond Laser Pulse Driven Caustic Spin Wave Beams.

Controlling the directionality of spin waves is a key ingredient in wave-based computing methods such as magnonics. In this Letter, we demonstrate this particular aspect by using an all-optical pointlike source of continuous spin waves based on frequency comb rapid demagnetization. The emitted spin waves contain a range of k vectors and by detuning the applied magnetic field slightly off the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), we observe X-shaped caustic spin wave patterns at 70° propagation angles as predicted by theory. When the harmonic of the light source approaches the FMR, the caustic pattern gives way to uniaxial spin wave propagation perpendicular to the in-plane component of the applied field. This field-controlled propagation pattern and directionality of optically emitted short-wavelength spin waves provide additional degrees of freedom when designing magnonic devices.

Spin-orbit torque-driven propagating spin waves.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) can drive sustained spin wave (SW) auto-oscillations in a class of emerging microwave devices known as spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs), which have highly nonlinear properties governing robust mutual synchronization at frequencies directly amenable to high-speed neuromorphic computing. However, all demonstrations have relied on localized SW modes interacting through dipolar coupling and/or direct exchange. As nanomagnonics requires propagating SWs for data transfer and additional computational functionality can be achieved using SW interference, SOT-driven propagating SWs would be highly advantageous. Here, we demonstrate how perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can raise the frequency of SOT-driven auto-oscillations in magnetic nanoconstrictions well above the SW gap, resulting in the efficient generation of field and current tunable propagating SWs. Our demonstration greatly extends the functionality and design freedom of SHNOs, enabling long-range SOT-driven SW propagation for nanomagnonics, SW logic, and neuromorphic computing, directly compatible with CMOS technology.

Domain Wall Based Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators.

In the last decade, two revolutionary concepts in nanomagnetism emerged from research for storage technologies and advanced information processing. The first suggests the use of magnetic domain walls in ferromagnetic nanowires to permanently store information in domain-wall racetrack memories. The second proposes a hardware realization of neuromorphic computing in nanomagnets using nonlinear magnetic oscillations in the gigahertz range. Both ideas originate from the transfer of angular momentum from conduction electrons to localized spins in ferromagnets, either to push data encoded in domain walls along nanowires or to sustain magnetic oscillations in artificial neurones. Even though both concepts share a common ground, they live on very different timescales which rendered them incompatible so far. Here, we bridge both ideas by demonstrating the excitation of magnetic auto-oscillations inside nanoscale domain walls using pure spin currents. This Letter will shed light on the current characteristic and spatial distribution of the excited auto-oscillations.

Excitation of Whispering Gallery Magnons in a Magnetic Vortex.

We present the generation of whispering gallery magnons with unprecedented high wave vectors via nonlinear 3-magnon scattering in a µm-sized magnetic Ni_{81}Fe_{19} disc which is in the vortex state. These modes exhibit a strong localization at the perimeter of the disc and practically zero amplitude in an extended area around the vortex core. They originate from the splitting of the fundamental radial magnon modes, which can be resonantly excited in a vortex texture by an out-of-plane microwave field. We shed light on the basics of this nonlinear scattering mechanism from an experimental and theoretical point of view. Using Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we investigated the frequency and power dependence of the 3-magnon splitting. The spatially resolved mode profiles give evidence for the localization at the boundaries of the disc and allow for a direct determination of the modes wave number.

Dynamically stabilized magnetic skyrmions.

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically non-trivial spin textures that manifest themselves as quasiparticles in ferromagnetic thin films or noncentrosymmetric bulk materials. So far attention has focused on skyrmions stabilized either by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) or by dipolar interaction, where in the latter case the excitations are known as bubble skyrmions. Here we demonstrate the existence of a dynamically stabilized skyrmion, which exists even when dipolar interactions and DMI are absent. We establish how such dynamic skyrmions can be nucleated, sustained and manipulated in an effectively lossless medium under a nanocontact. As quasiparticles, they can be transported between two nanocontacts in a nanowire, even in complete absence of DMI. Conversely, in the presence of DMI, we observe that the dynamical skyrmion experiences strong breathing. All of this points towards a wide range of skyrmion manipulation, which can be studied in a much wider class of materials than considered so far.

Nutritional, biochemical and cytogenotoxicity studies on wasted fat released from chicken during grilling process.

Some physico-chemical properties of fat released from chicken during grilling process were evaluated and the results showed that refractive index and saponification values were not affected by grilling process. However, serious increases in oxidative deterioration parameters and color were noticed. The main objective of this study was to characterize the effect of grilled fat on body weight, liver function, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in rats. Eight-week-old Swiss male albino rats, weighing approximately 90 g were used in this study. Rats were fed on a diet containing grilled fat for two months showed insignificant decrease in body weight compared to the control except, the eighth week (last weighing). The serum analysis should that aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, creatinine and urea levels increased significantly whereas, alanine transaminase (ALT), and triglyceride levels were not affected. Also, cytogenetic analysis showed various types of chromosomal aberrations, i.e., chromatide breaks, ring chromosome, fragment chromosome, and end to end association chromosomes and insignificant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells.

Environmental exposure to asbestos and the exposure-response relationship with mesothelioma.

An epidemiological and environmental study was carried out in Shubra El-Kheima city, greater Cairo, of the exposure-response relationship between asbestos and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Radiological screening was done for 487 people occupationally exposed to asbestos, 2913 environmentally exposed to asbestos and a control group of 979 with no history of exposure. Pleural biopsy was done for suspicious cases. The airborne asbestos fibre concentrations were determined in all areas. There were 88 cases of mesothelioma diagnosed, 87 in the exposed group. The risk of mesothelioma was higher in the environmentally exposed group than other groups, and higher in females than males. The prevalence of mesothelioma increased with increased cumulative exposure to asbestos.

Environmental exposure to asbestos and the exposure-response relationship with mesothelioma

An epidemiological and environmental study was carried out in Shubra El-Kheima city, greater Cairo, of the exposure-response relationship between asbestos and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Radiological screening was done for 487 people occupationally exposed to asbestos, 2913 environmentally exposed to asbestos and a control group of 979 with no history of exposure. Pleural biopsy was done for suspicious cases. The airborne asbestos fibre concentrations were determined in all areas. There were 88 cases of mesothelioma diagnosed, 87 in the exposed group. The risk of mesothelioma was higher in the environmentally exposed group than other groups, and higher in females than males. The prevalence of mesothelioma increased with increased cumulative exposure to asbestos

How does the plethysmogram derived from the pulse oximeter relate to arterial blood pressure in coronary artery bypass graft patients?

UNLABELLED: Twenty patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting had their ear and finger oximeter and radial artery blood pressure (Bp(meas)) waveforms collected. The ear and finger pulse oximeter waveforms were analyzed to extract beat-to-beat amplitude and area and width measurements. The Bp(meas) waveforms were analyzed to measured systolic blood pressure (BP), mean BP, and pulse pressure. The correlation coefficient was determined between the derived waveforms from the pulse oximeter and Bp(meas) for the first 10 patients. The ear pulse oximeter width (Width(Ear)) had the best correlation (r = 0.8). Linear regression was done between Width(Ear) and Bp(meas) based on slope (b) and intercept (a) values, BP was calculated (Bp(calc)) in the next 10 patients as: [equation: see text] where i = systolic BP, mean BP, and pulse pressure. The initial bias was too large to be clinically useful. To improve clinical applicability a period of calibration was introduced in which the first 50 readings of Width(Ear) and Bp(meas) for each patient were used to calculate the intercept. After calibration the systolic BP, mean BP and pulse pressure bias values were -2.6, -1.88 and -1.28 mm Hg, and the precision values were 15.9 10.09, and 9.94 mm Hg, respectively. The present attempt to develop a clinically useful method of noninvasive BP measuring was partly successful with the requirement of a calibration period. IMPLICATIONS: Statistical comparison was made between measured blood pressure (BP) from arterial line and calculated BP derived from ear pulse oximeter waveform in 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Using 62,077 paired readings, the mean difference for systolic BP, mean BP, and pulse pressure between the 2 methods was -2.6, -1.88, and -1.28 mm Hg, respectively.

Different responses of ear and finger pulse oximeter wave form to cold pressor test.

The cold pressor test is often used to assess vasoconstrictive responses because it simulates the vasoconstrictive challenges commonly encountered in the clinical setting. With IRB approval, 12 healthy volunteers, aged 25--50 yr, underwent baseline plethysmographic monitoring on the finger and ear. The contralateral hand was immersed in ice water for 30 s to elicit a systemic vasoconstrictive response while the recordings were continued. The changes in plethysmographic amplitude for the first 30 s of ice water immersion (period of maximum response) of the finger and ear were compared. The data indicate a significant disparity between the finger and the ear signals in response to the cold stimulus. The average finger plethysmographic amplitude measurement decreased by 48% +/- 19%. In contrast, no significant change was seen in the ear plethysmographic amplitude measurement, which decreased by 2% +/- 10%. We conclude that the ear is relatively immune to the vasoconstrictive effects. These findings suggest that the comparison of the ear and finger pulse oximeter wave forms might be used as a real-time monitor of sympathetic tone and that the ear plethysmography may be a suitable monitor of the systemic circulation.

A study of the predisposition of Schistosomiasis mansoni to pyogenic liver abscess in experimentally infected mice.

In murine experimental model, the present work was carried out to study the possible predisposition of S. mansoni infection to pyogenic liver abscess, through a concurrent infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Pyogenic liver abscesses containing the bacterial organism were found in 85% of mice infected with concurrent early S. mansoni infection and S. aureus, in 35% of mice with late S. mansoni infection and the bacterial infection, and in 60% of mice with concurrent immunosuppressed late St. mansoni infection and staphylococcal infection. The early S. mansoni infection, immunosuppressed late schistosomiasis mansoni, and to a less extant late schistosomiasis mansoni, with concurrent bacterial infections can predispose to pyogenic liver abscess which has implicative effect on clinical cases.

Synthesis and the antiperoxidase activity of seleno analogues of the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil.

The synthesis of 6-n-propyl-2-selenouracil (PSeU, Ib) and its methyl derivative (MSeU, Ic) are described. Replacement of the sulfur atom at C2 by selenium increased with antiperoxidase activity of these analogues five fold when compared to the clinically used antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU). The structure-activity relationships of these agents are discussed.

The effect of X-rays and EMS on the behavior of the transposing element, TE98, in Drosophila melanogaster.

The sensitivity of TE98 (carrying w+R and rst+) to X-rays does not differ significantly from the mutability of curled and karmoisin loci. In addition no spontaneous mutants of TE98 were recovered, indicating its extreme stability. On the effect of EMS no white mutants were found supporting the view that the w+ gene of TE98 is duplicated.

Genetic characterization of the region between 86F1,2 and 87B15 on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster.

The region between 86F1,2 and 87B15 on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster, which contains about 27 polytene chromosome bands including the 87A7 heat-shock locus, has been screened for EMS-induced visible and lethal mutations. We have recovered 268 lethal mutations that fall into 25 complementation groups. Cytogenetic localization of the complementation groups by deficiency mapping is consistent with the notion that each band encodes a single genetic function. We have also screened for mutations at the 87A7 heat shock locus, using a chromosome that has only one copy of the gene encoding the 70,000 dalton heat-shock protein (hsp70). No lethal or visible mutations at 87A7 were identified from 10,719 mutagenized chromosomes, and no female-sterile mutations at 87A7 were recovered from the 1,520 chromosomes whose progeny were tested for female fertility. We found no evidence that a functional hsp70 gene is required for development under laboratory conditions.