ABSTRACT
Strengthening healthcare infrastructure is an important strategy for building a sustainable healthcare system in Africa. This involves investing in facilities, equipment, and supplies, as well as training and retaining skilled healthcare workers. Additionally, improving healthcare infrastructure and investing in healthcare education and training can lead to significant improvements in health outcomes, such as reducing maternal and child mortality. This is critical for building a sustainable healthcare system. Through a literature review, we assessed the approaches to building a sustainable healthcare system in Africa from the perspectives of Japan's and Switzerland's healthcare systems. It was discovered that Japan currently has the highest life expectancy, which can be attributed to insurance policies, healthcare policies, and the integration of emerging technologies and clinical research into their healthcare system. Lessons that Africa must emulate from the Japanese healthcare system include ensuring universal healthcare coverage, improving the workforce, improving primary healthcare, prioritizing the aging population, and investing in technology, infrastructure, and research. Japans healthcare system is also sustainable thanks to its stable workforce and primary healthcare. Switzerland also has an exceptional healthcare system globally, with technical and socioeconomic advancements leading to increased life expectancy and population aging through a worldwide health policy approach, programs tackling professional responsibilities and interprofessional cooperation, and initiatives to support family medicine. By learning from Japan's and Switzerland's approaches, Africa will gradually achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and build a sustainable healthcare system.
ABSTRACT
Tyrosinemia type III is the rarest type of tyrosinemia, because of a mutation in 4-OH-phenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD). This causes two different types of diseases with different modes of inheritance: tyrosinemia type III and hawkinsinuria. Hawkinsinuria is an autosomal dominant disease, which presents a failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis; however, the liver is not affected. P.A33T heterozygous mutation was reported by Tomoeda et al. to cause hawkinsinuria. This case report will present the first case of an Egyptian-Lebanese male who developed direct hyperbilirubinemia and was found to have tyrosinemia type III, due to elevated tyrosine levels in the blood and tyrosine derivatives in the urine, but genetic testing revealed a P.A33T heterozygous mutation, a cause of hawkinsinuria.
