ABSTRACT
This report describes a case of BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer with CNS metastases in which treatment with encorafenib, binimetinib and cetuximab was effective. There is limited information on the ability of encorafenib, binimetinib and cetuximab to enter the CNS.The patient was a 53-year-old man was diagnosed with ascending colon cancer (cT3N3M1c stage IVc). BRAF V600E mutation was confirmed. FOLFOX was started, but CNS metastases soon appeared. Encorafenib, binimetinib and cetuximab were administered and had a favorable effect on the CNS lesions. The patient initially responded well, but his disease progressed 2 months later. Further research is needed to improve management strategies for BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer with CNS metastases.
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Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Benzimidazoles , Carbamates , Cetuximab , Colorectal Neoplasms , Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Sulfonamides , Humans , Cetuximab/therapeutic use , Cetuximab/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Carbamates/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/secondary , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually asymptomatic and lacks a specific biomarker; therefore, many individuals might remain undiagnosed even with advanced liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and clinical features of subjects with a high risk of advanced liver fibrosis in the general population, using the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 6,087 subjects without known liver disease who had participated in an annual health checkup examination. We analyzed the factors associated with high FIB-4 index (≥ 2.67) using a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 6,087 subjects, 76 (1.2%) had high FIB-4 index. Multivariate analysis identified hypertension (odds ratio [OR]; 9.040; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.081-20.024; P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.251; 95% CI, 1.773-10.193; P = 0.001) as important risk factors for high FIB-4 index. The rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in subjects with high FIB-4 index were 78.9% and 23.7%, respectively. No significant association was observed between obesity or large waist circumference and high FIB-4 index. A history of cardiovascular disease was significantly more common in subjects with high FIB-4 index. These results were also observed in subjects with normal liver function test. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that approximately 1% of the general Japanese population has a high risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Many of these patients had hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Our findings suggest that there are many undiagnosed patients NAFLD with risk of advanced liver fibrosis in the general population.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/complicationsABSTRACT
Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) is a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders caused by immune-mediated inflammatory mechanisms. We herein report a 77-year-old man with CV2/CRMP5-antibody-related PNS associated with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). He was admitted for forgetfulness and delusional behavior. His neurological symptoms were subacute, and a whole-body examination revealed a gastric GIST. Serology showed CV2/collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)-5 antibodies. Partial gastrectomy was performed for the GIST, and the neurological symptoms and serum CV2/CRMP5 antibodies disappeared. No relapse has occurred since the surgery. PNS should be considered in patients with subacute neurological disorders.
