The role of social support on the relationships between internet use and sleep problems in adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the frequency of problematic internet use and sleep problems in adolescents aged 14-18 years during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the impact of factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, internet habits, changes in daily life, and perceived social support on these problems. METHODS: This multicentre study was a questionnaire-based online survey study. The questionnaire included the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, as well as questions about demographic information, internet habits, and changes in daily life during pandemic. Several multivariate Backward logistic regression models were run to determine the variables that predicted problematic internet use and poor sleep quality. RESULTS: It was determined that the frequency of problematic internet use was 15.5%, and the frequency of poor sleep quality was 47.8%. Poor sleep quality was found 2.5 times higher in problematic internet users. The perceived social support was found insufficient in adolescents with problematic internet use and poor sleep quality. Various factors such as the excessive use of internet and social media, low school success, lack of physical activity, lack of rules for internet use at home, and worsening of relationships with parents were found to be predictive factors for these problems. CONCLUSIONS: Problematic internet use during the pandemic is associated with worsening sleep quality in adolescents. It is important to create special interventions for problematic internet use and sleep problems that develop in adolescents as a result of restrictions during the pandemic.

3 Tesla MRI in diagnosis and follow up of children with pneumonia.

PURPOSE: To investigate the utilization of 3-Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of pulmonary abnormalities in children with pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven children with pneumonia prospectively underwent 3 T thoracic MRI and posteroanterior (PA) chest radiography (CR). Of these, 15 patients also underwent contrast-enhanced thorax computed tomography (CT) or high-resolution CT (HRCT). The MRI protocol included axial and coronal T2-weighted spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) Multivane-XD and axial echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (EPI DWI) with respiratory gating. Kappa statistics, Cochran Q, and McNemar tests were used to investigate the results. RESULTS: Agreement between CR and MRI was substantial in detecting consolidation/infiltration (k = 0.64), peribronchial thickening (k = 0.64), and bronchiectasis (k = 1); moderate in detecting cavity (k = 0.54) and pleural effusion (k = 0.44); and fair in detecting empyema (0.32) and bilateral involvement of lungs (k = 0.23). MRI was superior to CR in detecting bilateral involvement (p < 0.001), lymph node (p < 0.001), pleural effusion (p < 0.001), and empyema (p = 0.003). MRI detected all the consolidation/infiltration also detected on CT imaging. A kappa test showed moderate agreement between MRI and CT in detecting pleural effusion and ground-glass opacity (GGO), and substantial or almost perfect agreement for all other pathologies. No statistically significant difference was observed between MRI and CT for detecting pneumonia-associated pathologies by the McNemar test. CONCLUSION: Thoracic 3 T MRI is an accurate and effective technique for evaluating children with pneumonia. MRI detected more pathologies than CR and had similar results to those of thorax CT.

Evaluation of the histopathological effects of salbutamol inhaler treatment in an experimentally induced rat model of pulmonary contusion

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salbutamol inhaler treatment in an experimentally induced model of pulmonary contusion. Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (CG), sham group (SG), treatment group 1 (TG1), and treatment group 2 (TG2). Experimental contusion was established by targeting the right lung tissue. After 72 h, histopathological evaluation for the severity of edema, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration was performed in both sides of the lungs. Results: Examination of right lung tissues revealed a significant difference in edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and total lung injury scores between the CG and SG. Both TG1 and TG2 had less edema, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration and lower total lung injury scores compared with the SG. There was no significant difference in edema, hemorrhage, and total lung injury scores between the CG and TG1 or TG2. A significant difference in hemorrhage scores between the SG and TG1 and edema scores between the SG and TG2 was observed, with treatment groups having lower values. A significant difference in total lung injury score was also found between SG and TG1. Conclusion: Salbutamol inhaler therapy during pulmonary contusion may prevent complications by reducing edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and total lung injury score.

A newborn with antenatal testis tortion.

Testis tortion in the newborn (especially antenatal testis tortion) is observed very rarely and constitutes 10-12% of childhood testis tortions. In testis tortion, firm and painless testicular tissue is palpated on physical examination. Doppler ultrasonography is a sensitive method in the diagnosis. In cases of neonatal testis tortion, the testis can be saved with appropriate surgical exploration in only 0-5% of the cases. Here, a newborn with antenatal testis tortion who underwent orchiectomy in the first day of life was presented.