Predictors of a positive oral food challenge to cow's milk in children sensitized to cow's milk

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) is often based on clinical history and on specific IgE levels and/or skin-prick tests (SPT), both of which are sensitive but not specific. The gold standard, oral food challenge (OFC), is expensive and time-consuming and involves a risk of severe allergic reactions. This study aimed to determine the value of specific IgEs, ratios of specific IgEs for cow's milk and its components to total IgE, and wheal size on SPT for predicting a positive OFC for CMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 72 patients [median age, four years; age range 0.75-15 years] sensitized to cow's milk who underwent OFCs to milk. predictive variables between patients with positive and negative OFCs were compared. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were uses to assess variables' discriminatory capacity and Youden's index to determine the best cut-offs for predicting CMA. RESULTS: The OFC was positive in 39 (54%) patients. Wheal size on SPT and all specific IgEs and specific-to-total IgE ratios were significantly different between patients with positive OFCs and those with negative OFCs (p < 0.001). The variable with the greatest area under the ROC curve was casein-specific IgE (0.98), followed by β-lactoglobulin-specific IgE (0.923), casein-specific-to-total-IgE ratio (0.919), and α-lactalbumin-specific IgE (0.908). Casein-specific IgE ≥ 0.95kU/L yielded 88.9% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In our center, casein-specific IgE > 0.95kU/L can obviate an OFC to cow's milk for the diagnosis of CMA in patients sensitized to cow's milk with a compatible history

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Predictors of a positive oral food challenge to cow's milk in children sensitized to cow's milk.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) is often based on clinical history and on specific IgE levels and/or skin-prick tests (SPT), both of which are sensitive but not specific. The gold standard, oral food challenge (OFC), is expensive and time-consuming and involves a risk of severe allergic reactions. This study aimed to determine the value of specific IgEs, ratios of specific IgEs for cow's milk and its components to total IgE, and wheal size on SPT for predicting a positive OFC for CMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 72 patients [median age, four years; age range 0.75-15 years] sensitized to cow's milk who underwent OFCs to milk. predictive variables between patients with positive and negative OFCs were compared. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were uses to assess variables' discriminatory capacity and Youden's index to determine the best cut-offs for predicting CMA. RESULTS: The OFC was positive in 39 (54%) patients. Wheal size on SPT and all specific IgEs and specific-to-total IgE ratios were significantly different between patients with positive OFCs and those with negative OFCs (p<0.001). The variable with the greatest area under the ROC curve was casein-specific IgE (0.98), followed by ß-lactoglobulin-specific IgE (0.923), casein-specific-to-total-IgE ratio (0.919), and α-lactalbumin-specific IgE (0.908). Casein-specific IgE ≥0.95kU/L yielded 88.9% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In our center, casein-specific IgE >0.95kU/L can obviate an OFC to cow's milk for the diagnosis of CMA in patients sensitized to cow's milk with a compatible history.

Lactante con distrés respiratorio en invierno. Más allá de las bronquiolitis / Infant with respiratory disters in winter. Beyond bronchiolitis

La dificultad respiratoria en el lactante engloba varias entidades clínicas. Aunque en invierno la más frecuente es la bronquiolitis, no debemos olvidar, entre ellas, las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas (MPC). Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 6 semanas de vida que acudió a Urgencias en invierno por un cuadro de dificultad respiratoria en contexto catarral. Se realizó un diagnóstico inicial de bronquiolitis, pero posteriormente se alcanzó el diagnóstico correcto de enfisema lobar congénito (ELC). Se publica este caso para hacer hincapié en la importancia de revisar un diagnóstico con enfoque analítico, especialmente cuando el curso clínico no es típico. También nos debe servir para recordar que, a pesar de la mejora del diagnóstico prenatal, el diagnóstico de una MPC puede ser en el periodo neonatal o incluso más tardío. Por lo tanto, las MPC deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de síntomas respiratorios en un niño

Respiratory distress in the infant encompasses several clinical entities. Although bronchiolitis is the most frequent in winter, we should not forget congenital pulmonary malformations (CPMs). We are reporting a case of 6-week-old male presented to pediatric emergency ward during the winter period with respiratory distress in context of a cold. An initial diagnosis of bronchiolitis was made. The authors explore how the correct diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) was reached. This case emphasizes the importance of reviewing a diagnosis through an analytical approach, particularly in non-typical clinical courses. It should also help us to remember that despite the improvement of prenatal diagnosis, we also have CPMs diagnosis in the neonatal period or even later. Therefore, CPMs need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in a child