Distribution of human papillomavirus prevalence, genotype, and PAP test results in women in the southeast of Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, genotype, and distribution of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) in women living in southeast Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODs: A total of 13,300 cervical smear materials were scanned and 899 cases found to be HPV-positive were included in the study. Cases were divided into seven groups according to age (under 19 years of age, 20-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and over 60 years old) and six groups according to HPV types (HPV type 16, HPV type 18, HPV type 16-18 association, HPV type 16-high risk (HR) association, HPV Type 18-HR association, and HPV HR [31,33,35,39,45, 51,52,56,58,59,66, and 68]). SurePath liquid-based cytology preparations were evaluated, and HPV tests were performed using real-time-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A total of 6.7% of cervical smear samples were positive for HPV DNA. The mean age of these cases was 41 years (range 15-78 years). All HPV types showed the highest rate of positivity in the 30-39 age groups. Regarding the distribution of HPV types, most of the cases were in the HPV HR group (66%). The most common atypia category detected in cytological examination was "Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" (ASC-US) (27%). CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the prevalence of HPV in the southeast of Turkey is lower than the world average, the most common HPV type in our region is HPV-HR, and HPV peaks at older ages compared to what has been reported for other regions of the world.

OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia, el genotipo y la distribución del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) cervical en mujeres que viven en el sureste de Turquía. MÉTODO: Se revisaron un total de 13.300 materiales de frotis cervical y se incluyeron en el estudio 899 casos que resultaron positivos para VPH. Los casos se dividieron en siete grupos según la edad (menores de 19 años, 20-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 y mayores de 60 años) y en seis grupos según los tipos de VPH (VPH tipo 16, VPH tipo 18, asociación VPH tipo 16-18, asociación VPH tipo 16-alto riesgo (AR), asociación VPH tipo 18-AR y VPH HR [31, 33, 35, 39 , 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 y 68]). RESULTADOS: El 6.7% de las muestras de frotis de cuello uterino fueron positivas para ADN del VPH. La edad media de estas pacientes fue de 41 años (rango: 15-78 años). Todos los tipos de VPH mostraron la tasa más alta de positividad en el grupo de 30 a 39 años de edad. En cuanto a la distribución de los tipos de VPH, la mayoría de los casos se encontraban en el grupo VPH AR (66%). La categoría de atipia más común detectada en el examen citológico fue «células escamosas atípicas de significado incierto¼ (ASC-US) (27%). CONCLUSIONES: Se determinó que la prevalencia de VPH en el sureste de Turquía es menor que el promedio mundial.

A novel diagnostic scoring system for pediatric appendicitis based on age and sex-adjusted hematological parameters.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis diagnosis can sometimes be a real challenge in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To establish the importance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other hematological parameters adjusted for age and sex in the prediction of acute appendicitis, as well as to describe a new scoring system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 946 children hospitalized for acute appendicitis were retrospectively analyzed. A scoring system based on NLR, PLR, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) adjusted for age and sex was developed. RESULTS: Patients were divided into group I, with negative examination, and group II, with acute appendicitis; mean ages were 12.20 ± 2.31 and 11.56 ± 3.11, respectively. Leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, NLR, PLR, LMR and PCR were higher in group II. The scores ranged from 0 to 8 points; 4.5 was determined to be the best cut-off point for acute appendicitis with the highest area under the curve (0.96), sensitivity (94%), specificity (86%), positive predictive value (97.5%), negative predictive value (65%), accuracy (92.6%) and misclassification rate (7.4%). CONCLUSION: The proposed scoring system, calculated based on patient age and gender, can be used for unnecessary surgeries to be avoided.

ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda representa un reto en pacientes pediátricos. OBJETIVO: Establecer la importancia del índice neutrófilos-linfocitos (INL), índice plaquetas-linfocitos (IPL) y otros parámetros hematológicos ajustados por edad y sexo en la predicción de apendicitis aguda, así como describir un nuevo sistema de calificación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron retrospectivamente expedientes clínicos de 946 niños hospitalizados por apendicitis aguda. Se desarrolló un sistema de calificación basado en INL, IPL, ILM y proteína C reactiva (PCR) ajustados por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes se dividieron en grupo I de exploración negativa y grupo II de apendicitis aguda; las medias de edad correspondientes fueron 12.20 ± 2.31 y 11.56 ± 3.11. El recuento leucocitario, porcentaje de neutrófilos, INL, IPL, ILM y PCR fueron superiores en el grupo II. La calificación osciló entre 0 y 8 puntos; se determinó que 4.5 fue el mejor punto de corte para apendicitis aguda con mayor área bajo la curva (0.96), sensibilidad (94 %), especificidad (86 %), valor predictivo positivo (97.5 %), valor predictivo negativo (65 %), precisión (92.6 %) y tasa de clasificación errónea (7.4 %). CONCLUSIÓN: El sistema de calificación que se propone, calculado por edad y sexo de los pacientes, se puede utilizar para evitar cirugías innecesarias.

The effect of low-dose Cordyceps on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney in rats.

OBJECTIVE: None of studies have been conducted in terms of demonstrating the same effect with the low dose in cordycepin. In our study, we analyzed the histopathological and biochemical changes of low-dose Cordycepin(c) on a rat model in the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): the sham-control group (Group 1), the renal I/R-untreated (Group 2) group, and the I/R-C-treated (Group 3) group. Cordyceps was administered intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg twice. Renal histological changes were compared and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. RESULTS: In blood and tissue biochemistry, it was observed that IL-1 Beta, IL 6, TNF alpha, MDA, TOS, and OSI increased in Group 2 and decreased in Group 3. It was determined that TAS values were increased in Group 3, and decreased in Group 2. In the histopathological evaluation, while Group 1 was evaluated as normal, significant kidney damage was detected in Group 2. It was determined that there was a significant decrease in kidney damage in Group 3. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that low dose Cordycepin was as effective as normal dose on renal ischemic reperfusion and reduction of damage.

OBJETIVO: Ninguno de los estudios se ha realizado en términos de demostrar el mismo efecto con la dosis baja de cordicepina. En nuestro estudio, analizamos los cambios histopatológicos y bioquímicos de Cordycepin(c) en dosis bajas en un modelo de rata con isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) inducida en el riñón. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Veinticuatro ratas macho Wistar Albino se asignaron al azar a tres grupos (n = 8): el grupo de control simulado (Grupo 1), el grupo sin tratamiento I/R renal (Grupo 2) y el grupo tratado con I/R-C (Grupo 3). Cordyceps se administró por vía intraperitoneal a 5 mg/kg dos veces. Se compararon los cambios histológicos renales y se detectaron los parámetros relevantes de estrés oxidativo e inflamación. RESULTADOS: En bioquímica sanguínea y tisular se observó que IL-1 Beta, IL 6, TNF alfa, MDA, TOS y OSI aumentaron en el Grupo 2 y disminuyeron en el Grupo 3. Se determinó que los valores de TAS aumentaron en el Grupo 3, y disminuyó en el Grupo 2. En la evaluación histopatológica, mientras que el Grupo 1 fue evaluado como normal, se detectó daño renal significativo en el Grupo 2. Se determinó que hubo una disminución significativa del daño renal en el grupo 3. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados sugieren que la cordicepina en dosis bajas fue tan efectiva como la dosis normal en la reperfusión isquémica renal y la reducción del daño.

Evaluation of celiac disease with uniphasic and multiphasic dynamic MDCT imaging.

PURPOSE: An analysis of dynamic contrast MRI has been shown to provide valuable information about disease activity in Crohn's disease and Celiac disease (CD). However, there are no reports of dynamic multi-detector computer tomography use in patients with CD. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the perfusion dynamics of the patients treated with control subjects and the perfusion dynamics in patients with untreated CD, using dynamic contrast in MDCT and compare studying contrast dynamics in Marsh types as well. METHODS: In this retrospective study, uniphasic and multiphasic MDCT, untreated, treated, incompatible CD patients and healthy control group duodenum wall thickness and HU values were compared in terms of patient groups and modified Marsh types. RESULT: In dynamic CT, the highest contrast curve was observed in the untreated group and Marsh type 1. While the contrast curve of the untreated and non-compliant patients increased rapidly and showed wash out, the type 4 contrast curve was observed, whereas the treated and control group slowly increased type 5 contrast curve. In the contrast-enhanced CT in the venous phase, in the ROC analysis between Marsh 1-2 and Marsh 3a-c, the sensitivity was 97% and the specificity was 87% when the cut off was taken as 4.45 mm for wall thickness (p: 0.005). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced single-phase and dynamic MDCT imaging in CD patients may be useful in evaluating the inflammatory and pathological process in the small intestine.

Distribution of uterin cervical lesions and relation between age and parity rates in the Mardin province.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and distribution of cervical lesions and compare characteristics such as parity and age of the women in Mardin province. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pap smears were drawn from the women screened at Mardin Gynecology and Pediatric Diseases Hospital from 2008 to 2011. All cervicovaginal smears were conventional Pap smear samples evaluated according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS: There were 3.332 patients in total, whose smears showed no lesions in 3.125 patients. The mean age and number of parities of those patients were 37.34±11.25 and 4.78±3.28. There were 207 smears showing any lesions in cervix; ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, AGC, squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma in 151 (72.94%); 16 (7.72%); 20 (9.66%); 8 (3.86%); 10 (4.83%); 1 (0.48%) and 1 (0.48%) patient, respectively. The mean age and the parities of the patients were 37.63±10.77 years and 4,74±2,92. Although there was no difference between the control and lesion groups, the parity and the age of patients who had ≥4 births in both the control and lesion groups were significantly higher than the patients with parities < 4 births (p=0.000). There was no difference within the cervical lesion group comparing the ASC-US group with the total of the other lesions. CONCLUSION: High parity was one of the risk factor for having a lesion in uterine cervix in this population. This study represents an initial attempt to reflect the prevalence and the distribution of cervical lesions and their relation with the parity rates in the eastern regions in Turkey.