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1.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2287: 245-255, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34270034

ABSTRACT

The use of doubled haploid lines improves the efficiency of cultivar development and homozygous genotypes can be obtained in one generation, as opposed to conventional line production, which requires several cycles of self-pollination. However, in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.), the low efficiency of green plant regeneration and the very high frequency of albino plants hinder the application of this technique.We observed the success of using gynogenesis for durum wheat and the significant influence of growing conditions on ovary and callus development, and on plant regeneration. Our results suggested that the cold pretreatment for 2 weeks is efficient for durum wheat. Furthermore, the addition of 2,4-D, vitamins and glutamine, and the use of maltose as sugar source in media improved the ovary regeneration. We describe in this work an efficient method to regenerate green plants from in vitro durum wheat gynogenesis .


Subject(s)
Gametogenesis, Plant , Triticum/growth & development , Triticum/genetics , Flowers/embryology , Flowers/genetics , Flowers/growth & development , Haploidy , Pollination , Triticum/embryology
2.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol ; 16(1): 161-167, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30647718

ABSTRACT

Agriculture has new challenges against the climate change: the preservation of genetic resources and the rapid creation of new varieties better adapted to abiotic stress, specially salinity. In this context, the agronomic performance of 25 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.) genotypes (nineteen landraces and six improved varieties), cultivated in two semi-arid regions in the center area of Tunisia, were assessed. These sites (Echbika, 2.2 g l-1; Barrouta, 4.2 g l-1) differ by their degree of salinity of the water irrigation. The results showed that most of the agronomic traits (e.g. spike per meter square, thousand kernels weight and grain yield) were reduced by salinity. Durum wheat landraces, Mahmoudi and Hmira, and improved varieties, Maali and Om Rabia showed the widest adaptability to different quality of irrigation water. Genotypes including Jneh Kotifa and Arbi were estimated as stable genotypes under adverse conditions. Thereafter, salt-tolerant (Hmira and Jneh Khotifa) and the most cultivated high-yielding (Karim, Razzak and Khiar) genotypes were tested for their gynogenetic ability to obtain haploids and doubled haploid lines. Genotypes with good induction capacity had not necessarily a good capacity of regeneration of haploid plantlets. In our conditions, Hmira and Khiar exhibited the best gynogenetic ability (3.1% and 2.9% of haploid plantlets, respectively).

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