Novel Tetraploid Triticale (Einkorn Wheat × Rye)-A Source of Stem Rust Resistance.

Among cereals, triticale (×Trititcoseale Wittmack ex A. Camus) represents a number of advantages such as high grain yield even in marginal environments, tolerance to drought, cold and acid soils, as well as lower production costs. Together with high biomass of grain and straw, triticale is also considered as an industrial energy crop. As an artificial hybrid, it has not evolved naturally, which is reflected in narrow genetic diversity causing a resistance collapse in recent years. Here, we describe a novel, synthetic tetraploid triticale, which was developed by the crossing of rye (Secale cereale L.) with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum), which possess Sr35 stem rust resistance gene. Three subsequent generations of alloploids were obtained by chromosome doubling followed by self-pollination. The cytogenetic analyses revealed that the amphiploids possess a set of 28 chromosomes (14 of Am-genome and 14 of R-genome). The values of the most important yield-shaping traits for these tetraploid triticale form, including thousand-grain weight, plant height and stem length were higher compared to parental genotypes, as well as standard hexaploid triticale cultivars. This study shows that this tetraploid triticale genetic stock can be an interesting pre-breeding germplasm for triticale improvement or can be developed as a new alternative crop.

[Atypical trajectory of gunshot injury]. / Atesli silah yaralanmasinda atipik seyir.

Gunshot injuries are common medical-legal issues. Atypical tract lines resulting from this type of injuries cause difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a gunshot injury on the right anterior thigh extending to the right hemithorax was presented. A 67-year-old Syrian refugee patient was brought to the emergency service due to gunshot injury. Bullet entrance hole was determined on the right anterior thigh region; however, exit side could not be seen. Bullet was determined on the right thorax at tomography and the patient was taken to operation due to diaphragm rupture and lung parenchymal injury. Other body parts must be examined radiologically for the bullet which cannot be determined at gunshot injury side.

Emergency surgery for spontaneous hemopneumothorax.

Emergency management of spontaneous hemopneumothorax patients was retrospectively analysed in this study. From November 2009 to August 2012, 221 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were treated in the thoracic surgery clinic. Among them, 9 (4.07%) were diagnosed with spontaneous hemopneumothorax. Chest X-ray and computed tomography were the diagnostic tools. Emergency thoracotomy was performed for 7 of 9 patients because of massive hemothorax and continuous bleeding from the chest tube. Massive hematoma was documented in 2 of 7 patients at tomography. Bridging veins and torn pleural adhesion between parietal and visceral pleura were the source of bleeding determined at thoracotomy. Hematoma evacuation, resection of bullae, ligation of pleural adhesions and apical pleurectomy were performed. Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is an emergency due to massive hemorrhage and hematoma formation. Early surgical treatment is recommended for patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax.

Pleurovenous shunt for treating refractory benign pleural effusion.

We report the case of a 63-year-old female with hepatic cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C, successfully treated for refractory nonmalignant hepatic hydrothorax by using a long-term pleurovenous shunt (PVS). After failure of conventional treatment by mechanical pleurodesis, a PVS was inserted to drain the pleural fluid into the right subclavian vein. After 8 months of follow-up, the effusion is well controlled, and the shunt remains patent.