The prevalence and associated factors of success of labor induction in Hargeisa maternity hospitals, Hargeisa Somaliland 2022: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The induction of labor is an artificial initiation of labor and has become one of the most common interventions in modern obstetrics to improve maternal and neonatal health. Understanding the prevalence and pregnancy outcomes following labor inductions is crucial in regions with high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity because of insufficient access to comprehensive emergency obstetric care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of the success of induction of labor in Hargeisa maternity hospital Somaliland. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed among 453 women in Hargeisa maternity hospitals, Somaliland from January 1st to March 30th, 2022. Data were entered using Epi data version 4.6 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the associated factors with the success of labor induction and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant in multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of a total of 453 study participants who had undergone induction of labor, 349 (77%) of them had successful induction of labor with a 95% CI: 73%, 81%. Favorable Bishop score (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.98, 5.99), time from the start of induction to delivery < 12 h (AOR = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.16, 7.450), non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78) and amniotic fluid change to meconium (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.79) were significantly associated with the success of labor induction. CONCLUSION: This study implies that three out of four women who underwent induction had successful induction of labor. Favorable bishop score, time from the start of induction to delivery < 12 h, non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern, and amniotic fluid change to meconium were significantly associated with the success of labor induction. The hospital should establish a clear bishop scoring system and there should be a strict follow-up on the condition of the fetal heartbeat and take corrective actions as needed. The factors related to healthcare facilities and providers need to be addressed by additional prospective studies.

Prevalence and factors associated with sexual and reproductive health services use among reproductive age women with disabilities: a community based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: According to International Convention on the Right of Person with Disabilities (CRPD), all nations should discern Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) as human rights and needs of all people living with disabilities. Women and girls with disabilities are highly vulnerable to SRH disparities including unintended pregnancy, acquiring sexual transmitted infections and unsafe abortion. Little has known about SRH service uptake and influencing factors among reproductive aged women living with disabilities. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30, 2021, the central Gondar zone selected districts. A total of 535 reproductive-age (18-49 years) women with disabilities had been interviewed through face-to-face using structured questionnaire. Multistage cluster sampling method was applied. A binary logistic regression model was computed to look the relationship between independent variables and uptake of SRH, and p-value < 0.05 was a cut-off point to declare statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 33.27% (178/535) women with disabilities used at least one SRH service in the last twelve months preceding the survey. Those who had three or more children [AOR = 4.85; 95% CI (1.24-9.71)], autonomy to visit health care facilities [AOR = 3.30; 95% CI (1.45-6.92)], lived with sexual partner [AOR = 9.2; 95% CI (2.84-13.60)], subjected to radio/television in daily bases [AOR = 5.9; 95% CI (1.26-13.04)], autonomy to visit friends and relatives [AOR = 3.95; 95% CI (1.28-12.17)], had a discussion with family members about sexual and reproductive health [AOR = 9.36; 95% CI (3.44-17.47)], and engaged in sexual activity after the age of 18 years [AOR = 7.2; 95% CI (2.51-14.45)] were important predictors for service uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Only one in three reproductive age women with disabilities used at least one SRH service. These findings suggest that accessing information through mainstream media exposure, having full autonomous to visit friends and families, open discussion with family members, live with sexual partner, having optimal family size and starting sexual act at the recommended age improve the uptake of SRH services. Therefore, the stakeholders (both governmental and non-governmental) need to make efforts to increase the uptake of SRH services.

Prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Debre Markos at public health institutions in north-west Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: Sexual violence refers to being forced to perform any unwanted sexual act. Due to the negative effects on both the mother and the fetus, sexual assault during pregnancy is a public health concern. Knowing the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy helps policymakers understand the extent of the problem and can be considered the first step toward implementing interventions for prevention and treatment. This study was done to determine the prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors during pregnancy in public hospitals in Debre Markos. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 306 pregnant women in Debre Markos, north west Ethiopia from May 1 to June 30, 2021, 2021. A systematic random sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire, and a pre-test was done. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify significantly associated variables with sexual violence. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to claim statistical association. Results: There were 304 interviewed respondents with a response rate of 99.3%. In this study, the overall prevalence of sexual violence among pregnant mothers during the current pregnancy was 19.4%. A husband who had no formal education {AOR = 3.48; 95% CI: 1.06, 11.39}, pregnant mothers who had no formal education {AOR = 6.1; 95% CI: 1.50-18.11}, pregnant mothers who had secondary education {AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.81}, being a housewife {AOR = 3.87, 95 CI:1.21, 12.37}, and being a governmental employee {AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.22, 16.40} were factors associated with sexual violence at the value of p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions and recommendations: In this study, approximately one-fifth of the study participants experienced sexual violence during their current pregnancy. To reduce this, interventions should focus on the education of women as well as their partner about violence against women and on initiatives to economically empower women.

Parents' willingness to vaccinate their daughters with human papillomavirus vaccine and associated factors in Debretabor town, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer. Vaccination against the HPV infection is an effective prevention measure for HPV-related diseases. This study aimed to assess parents' willingness to vaccinate their daughters with Human Papillomavirus vaccine and associated factors in Debre Tabor town. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of daughters in Debre Tabor town, and a cluster sampling technique was used to select 738 study participants. A structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was done and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance. In this study, parents' willingness for HPV vaccination was found to be 79.10% (95% CI: 76.00, 82.00). Parents having media exposure, had good knowledge of HPV infection, and HPV vaccine, positive attitude, and positive perceived behavioral control toward the HPV vaccine had statistically significant association with willingness for the HPV vaccination of their daughters. Parents' willingness to HPV vaccination for their daughters was higher compared with a previous study done in the setting. Parental knowledge and their beliefs on HPV vaccination, and media exposure play an important role in the HPV vaccination of adolescents. Strengthening community-based education and effective promotion through multimedia on HPV infection and its prevention, addressing parental safety concerns and promoting their positive beliefs about the vaccine are important to increase parents' willingness.

Determinants of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety among Women Attending Antenatal Checkup at Public Health Institutions in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia.

Background: Pregnancy-related anxiety has been associated with many pregnancy adverse outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight, postpartum depression, and resulting in long-term sequels on the child's emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development. This study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of pregnancy-related anxiety and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup at Debre Markos town public health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women at Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia, from February 1st to March 30th, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected sing a structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered with Epi-data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 23. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify significantly associated variables with pregnancy-related anxiety. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p value of ≤0.05 was used to claim statistical association. Result: In this study, a total of 408 pregnant women participated, giving a 96.4% response rate. The prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was found to be 43.9% (95% CI: 39.5, 49.2). Having no formal education (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.32, 8.58), primigravida (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.24), intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.47, 5.64), and poor social support (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.56) was significantly associated with pregnancy-related anxiety. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was found to be high when compared to other study findings. The regional educational department should give emphasis for gender pedagogies which pay attention to the specific learning needs of girls. In addition, interventions on violence against women and social support for the women may reduce the problem.

Risky Sexual Practice and Associated Factors Among Youth Preparatory Students in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Risky sexual practices can negatively affect the health of youths by predisposing them to a variety of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy, which, in turn, would lead to serious lifelong deleterious health, social, and economic consequences. While youths tend to be less well-informed and require more information, little has been known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of risky sexual practices and associated factors among youth students in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 regularly attending youth students in Gondar city from April to May 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed, and a multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the effect of independent variables on the outcome variable at p < 0.05 with its 95%CI. Result: The prevalence of risky sexual practices was 49.3%. Peer pressure (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.21, 3.26), drinking alcohol (AOR = 4.88 95%CI: 3.06, 7.79), and watching pornography (AOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.74, 4.56) were positively associated with the risky sexual practice of youths. Whereas, age, gender, and pocket money did not have any association with risky sexual practice in this study. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of risky sexual practices was found to be high. Thus, multisector collaboration efforts are needed from parents, schools, health facilities, and the government to tackle the exposure of in-school youth toward peer pressure, drinking alcohol, and watching pornographic films, which in turn helps to bring about healthy sexual practices among them.

Consistent Condom Utilization and its Associated Factors among Sexually Active Female Anti-Retro Viral Treatment Users in Finoteselam District Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018.

Consistent condom utilization is the key strategy to prevent new HIV strain transmissions among ART users. There are limited evidences on consistent condom utilization among women who are on ART in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among sexually active female ART users from June to August, 2018. Data were collected using a systematic random sampling data collection method. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors for the outcome Results: study indicated that 137(34.2%) women reported that they were using condom for the last three months, of whom 81 (59.1% (n = 137)) used condoms consistently. Respondents` age group from 21-30 (AOR = 4.381, 95%CI = 1.05, 18.331), Counseling about condom utilization (ARO = 9.442, 95% CI = 4.387, 20.32) and husbands` educational status "diploma and above" (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.007, 13.227) were significantly associated with condom utilization.

Long-Term Effects of Obstetric Fistula on the Overall Quality of Life among Survivors Who Had Undergone Obstetric Fistula Repair, Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A Community-Based Study.

INTRODUCTION: Childbirth is a special time in the lives of women and families at large. It can also be a time of great tragedy. International reports show that, annually, more than 500,000 women die from pregnancy and childbirth complications globally. For every woman who dies in childbirth, majorities remain alive, but scarred by permanent disabilities. Obstetric fistula is, without a doubt, the most severe of pregnancy-related disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This research is aimed at assessing the long-term effects of obstetric fistula on the overall quality of life among fistula survivors in central Gondar zone. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women who had undergone obstetric fistula repair, 1-4 years after the surgery, in the central Gondar zone. The participants were reached through appointments that were made by the researchers using census approach after having the participants' contact lists (specific residence and cell phone numbers), and research interviews have taken place at the respondents' home or residence using an adapted and validated tool. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 20, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 182 fistula survivors were interviewed giving a 94.8% response rate. This study indicated that 84.1% (95% CI: 78.8, 89.4) of respondents had a poor overall quality of life. Maternal age (>30 years) (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.6, 12.3), marital status (divorced survivors) (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.5), and urinary incontinence (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 2.4, 11.2) were positive predictors for poor overall quality of life. The majority of fistula survivors, 82.4%, were stigmatized which could make reintegration into the community challenging for them. Healthcare providers have to implement counseling to women for social reintegration and the possibility of gainful societal activities after repairing.

Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Determinant Factors among Street Reproductive-Aged Women in Amhara Regional State Zonal Towns, North West Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: Reproductive-aged women living on the street, with no doubt, are with lesser benefits of exercising their reproductive rights. Pregnancies from this marginalized population are likely to be unplanned, unwanted, and unsupported. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess modern contraception utilization and associated factors among street reproductive-aged women in Amhara regional state zonal towns. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among street reproductive-aged women in Amhara regional state zonal towns. A single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size, a similar literature-based tool adaptation was done, and a semistructured, pretested sectioned questionnaire was used. Cluster sampling technique was used to reach the study participants. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to control the possible effect of confounders, and finally, the independent variables were identified on the basis of OR, with 95% CI and p values less than 0.05. RESULTS: 604 street reproductive-aged women were interviewed in the study which make the response rate 94.2%. The study revealed that current modern contraceptive utilization among the study participants was found to be 38.9%. Having history of pregnancy in street life (AOR = 1.70, 1.1-2.7), having three or more live children (AOR = 6.4, 2.0-20.4), undesiring to have additional children in the future (AOR = 2.7, 1.4-5.1), mentioning three to four (AOR = 2.2, 1.5-3.3) and five or more modern contraceptive types (AOR = 5.5, 1.4-21.0), and discussion with sexual partners for contraceptive use (AOR = 6.6, 4.3-10.1) were variables significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. Modern contraceptive utilization among the street reproductive-aged women was low. Authors suggest that awareness creation and male partner involvement in the maternal services may be important to increase contraceptive utilization.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Prevention and Early Detection of COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Religious Clerics and Traditional Healers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 control measures efforts are affected by the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the public, particularly religious clerics and traditional healers, who have close contact and are widely accepted by a significant number of community members. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 and its associated factors among religious clerics and traditional healers in Gondar town. Study participants who met our inclusion criteria were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by trained data collectors through face-to-face interviews. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were calculated to give the overall knowledge, attitude and practice score. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify associated factors and odds ratio was used to measure the strength of the association. RESULTS: A total of 410 religious clerics and traditional healers were included in the study with a response rate of 97.1%. Of the total participants, 60.7% (95%: CI (56-65%)) had good knowledge, 34.1% (95%: CI (30-39%)) had a positive attitude and 15.6% (95%: CI (12-19%)) had good practices towards prevention and early detection of COVID-19. Less than one third of the participants practiced physical distancing (28%) and facemask use (17.8%). In multivariate logistic regression, age, educational status and marital status were significantly associated with knowledge score. Likewise, age and marital status were significantly associated with the positive attitude score. In addition, age, educational status, and the presence of underlying disease were significantly associated with the good practice score. CONCLUSION: Majority of the participants had poor practice and negative attitudes. Therefore, there should be a sensitization program to fill the gap in the knowledge, attitudes and practice measures of COVID-19 especially for elderly and illiterates.

Knowledge and Practices towards Prevention and Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem with serious adverse effects, including kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Improving awareness and practice on the impact, prevention, and early detection of chronic kidney disease will reduce the significant economic and public health burden. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine knowledge and practice towards prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in Gondar town in 2019. The study included hypertensive patients visiting health institutions from February to March 2019. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire and individuals who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were selected using a systemic random sampling technique. Epi Info software version 7 was used for data entry, and SPSS version 20 was used for descriptive and logistic regression analysis. RESULT: Out of a total of 442 participants, 434 completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total, 298 (68.7%) had good knowledge of chronic kidney disease with a mean knowledge score of 8.78 ± 2.80 and 210 (48.4%) had good practice with mean practice score of 6.58 ± 1.61. Educational status, residence, and duration of hypertension were significantly associated with the knowledge and practice scores of the participants in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: More than half of the participants had good knowledge about chronic kidney disease and its risk factors. However, the level of preventive practice among participants was low. The educational status, residence, and duration of hypertension were significantly associated variables with knowledge and practice scores in multivariate logistic regression.

Repeat induced abortion and associated factors among reproductive age women who seek abortion services in Debre Berhan town health institutions, Central Ethiopia, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of repeat induced abortion among women aged from 15 to 49 who seek abortion care services in the health institutions of Debre Berhan town, Central Ethiopia, 2019. RESULTS: This study shows that the prevalence of repeat induced abortion among 355 respondents was to be 20.3%. Those who reported as they had more than one partner in the last 12 preceding months, (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.21, 16.46), Age of the first sexual intercourse less than 18 years (AOR = 6, 95% CI 2.54, 13.95) and Perceiving abortion procedure as it was not painful (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.9, 20.6) were variables positively associated with the repeatedly induced abortion among women who sought abortion services.

Appropriate complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6-24 months in Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess appropriate complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6-24 months in Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016. RESULTS: In this study, 37.2% of mothers had appropriate complementary feeding practice. Mothers' level of education above grade 12 (AOR = 2.96, CI 1.2-7.62), husbands' occupation (AOR = 4.01, CI 1.3-12.44), mothers 'having exclusive breast feeding practice (AOR = 6.12, CI 3.04-12.3), health education about exclusive breast feeding during antenatal care visit (AOR = 5.59, CI 1.24-25.17) and advice on appropriate complementary feeding practice during antenatal care visit (AOR = 6.34, CI 1.5-26.91), and mothers who have got under 5 unit service due to infant and young children illness (AOR = 0.44, CI 0.22-0.89) were statistically significant variables for appropriate complementary feeding practice.

Perinatal outcomes of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia and associated factors among mothers admitted in Amhara Region referral hospitals, North West Ethiopia, 2018.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess perinatal outcomes of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia and associated factors among mothers admitted in Amhara Region referral hospitals, North West Ethiopia, 2018. RESULTS: This study revealed that the overall prevalence of unfavorable perinatal outcome from the severe preeclamptic/eclamptic mothers was 46.5%. It shows that the finding of unfavorable perinatal outcome was high which needs an obligation to put our recommendation as improvement of health care set ups for preventions as well as interventions of such problems. Variables which were positively associated with unfavorable perinatal outcomes were: maternal educational status (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI 1.32, 10.03), parity (AOR = 8.3, 95% CI 6.27, 27.02), gestational age in weeks (AOR = 9.6, 95% CI 2, 18.65) and time of drug given for the mother (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.81, 8.07).

Premarital sexual intercourse and associated factors among adolescent students in Debre-Markos town secondary and preparatory schools, north west Ethiopia, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with premarital sexual intercourse among adolescent students of the secondary and preparatory school in Debre-Markos town, northwest Ethiopia, 2017. RESULTS: Among secondary and preparatory school adolescent students, 31.3% reported pre-marital sexual intercourse. This shows that premarital sexual intercourse among secondary and preparatory school adolescents is high. Significantly associated factors were: being male (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.21, 2.93), having pocket money (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 2, 4.81), adolescents who did not discuss sexual issue with close friends (AOR = 8.6, 95% CI 5.27, 13.91) and peer pressure (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI 3.73, 15.69).