ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se analisar a opinião de enfermeiros do sexo masculino quanto ao aborto provocado. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de natureza qualitativa, baseada na técnica da bola de neve, com análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma invisibilidade masculina quando se trata de gestações indesejadas onde a figura feminina é sempre colocada como culpada, imprudente ou responsável. Concluindo que o enfermeiro apesar de toda questão ética que envolve a profissão, a intervenção profissional é fruto de atitude e valores sociais e intelectuais de cada profissional.
The objective was to analyze the opinion of male nurses regarding induced abortion. Through an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research, based on the snowball technique, with content analysis. The results demonstrate that there is a male invisibility when it comes to unwanted pregnancies where the female figure is always placed as guilty, reckless or responsible. Concluding that nurses, despite all the ethical issues involved in the profession, professional intervention is the result of the attitude and social and intellectual values of each professional.
Se objetivó analizar la opinión de enfermeros del sexo masculino en cuanto al aborto provocado. A través de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y de naturaleza cualitativa, basada en la técnica de la bola de nieve, con análisis de contenido. Los resultados demuestran que existe una invisibilidad masculina cuando se trata de embarazos no deseados donde la figura femenina es siempre colocada como culpable, imprudente o responsable. Concluyendo que el enfermero a pesar de toda cuestión ética que envuelve la profesión, la intervención profesional es fruto de actitud y valores sociales e intelectuales de cada profesional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Comprehensive Health Care , Nurse's Role , Abortion , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Bothrops jararacussu venom drastically decreases sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) protein expression in vivo and inhibits its activity in vitro, in contrast to a slight increase of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase expression in murine EDL. We investigated the effect of myotoxins bothropstoxin-I and/or -II (BthTX-I, BthTX-II and BthTX-I+II) on this model. No changes were seen in SERCA1, SERCA2 and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α1 protein expression as well as (2+)Ca-ATPase activity, but BthTX-II (1 µg/g) reduced Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α2 expression by 50% one day after perimuscular injection. Interestingly, BthTX-II inhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (IC50 around 6 nM). Our findings suggest that only BthTX-II affects ion transport ATPases, being a potent SERCA inhibitor and a putative target for antivenom drug development.
Subject(s)
Bothrops/metabolism , Crotalid Venoms/metabolism , Group II Phospholipases A2/toxicity , Animals , Antivenins/pharmacology , Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors , Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Crotalid Venoms/toxicity , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Mice , Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/drug effects , Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Rats , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolismABSTRACT
The formation of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber involves a series of sequential and interdependent events that occurs during embryogenesis. One of these events is myoblast fusion which has been widely studied, yet not completely understood. It was previously shown that during myoblast fusion there is an increase in the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. This fact prompted us to search for a role of the enzyme during chick in vitro skeletal myogenesis. Chick myogenic cells were treated with the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain in four different concentrations (0.01-10 µM) and analyzed. Our results show that 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM ouabain did not induce changes in cell viability, whereas 10 µM induced a 45% decrease. We also observed a reduction in the number and thickness of multinucleated myotubes and a decrease in the number of myoblasts after 10 µM ouabain treatment. We tested the involvement of MEK-ERK and p38 signaling pathways in the ouabain-induced effects during myogenesis, since both pathways have been associated with Na+/K+-ATPase. The MEK-ERK inhibitor U0126 alone did not alter cell viability and did not change ouabain effect. The p38 inhibitor SB202190 alone or together with 10 µM ouabain did not alter cell viability. Our results show that the 10 µM ouabain effects in myofiber formation do not involve the MEK-ERK or the p38 signaling pathways, and therefore are probably related to the pump activity function of the Na+/K+-ATPase.
