Effects of ergo-nutritional strategies on recovery in combat sports disciplines / Efectos de las estrategias ergo-nutricionales sobre la recuperación en las disciplinas de deportes de combate

In order to improve the recovery process in combat sports disciplines, ergo-nutritional strategies could be an effective option in training and competition. Some of these ergo-nutritional aids could improve performance but literature references are scarce, with controversial results regarding actual recovery effects. This systematic review aimed to examine which ergo-nutritional methods are most effective for assisting in the recovery process in combat sports, and to determine the appropriate training stimuli. This systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) guidelines. A computerized search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Collaboration Database, Evidence Database, Evidence Based Medicine Search review, National Guidelines, EM-BASE, Scopus and Google Scholar system (from 1995 to April 30, 2021). The PICOS model was used to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 123 studies initially found, 18 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data from 367 athletes from different disciplines were examined. The evidence was grouped in 4 areas: oxidative stress, muscle and energy recovery, muscle repair, and metabolic acidosis. Evidence showed that vitamins, minerals, and some natural ergo-nutritional products are effective as antioxidants. Carbohydrates and protein determine the recovery effect. Sodium bicarbonate has a role as primary acidosis metabolic delayer. Accordingly, ergo-nutritional aids can help in the recovery process. Considering the effects outlined in the literature, more studies are needed to provide firm evidence (AU)

Para mejorar el proceso de recuperación en las disciplinas deportivas de combate, las estrategias ergo-nutricionales son una opción eficaz en el entrenamiento y la competición. Algunas de estas alternativas mejoran el rendimiento, pero actualmente existe una escasa bibliografía con resultados controvertidos relacionados con el efecto de recuperación. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo determinar qué estrategias ergo-nutricionales son más efectivas en los procesos de recuperación. Se llevó a cabo siguiendo las pautas Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA). Se realizó una búsqueda computarizada en PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration Database, Evidence Database, Evidence Based Medicine Search review, National Guidelines, EM-BASE, Scopus y el sistema Google Scholar (desde 1995 hasta el 30 de abril de 2021). Se utilizó el modelo PICOS para definir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. De los 123 estudios encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad y fueron incluidos. Se examinaron datos de 367 atletas de diferentes disciplinas. La evidencia se agrupó en 4 áreas: estrés oxidativo, recuperación muscular y energética, reparación muscular y acidosis metabólica. La evidencia mostró que las vitaminas, los minerales y algunos productos ergo-nutricionales naturales son eficaces como antioxidantes, los hidratos de carbono y las proteínas determinan su efecto recuperador y el bicarbonato de sodio es el principal retardador metabólico de la acidosis. Se destaca la importancia de aceptar un plan ergo-nutricional para mejorar el proceso de recuperación. A pesar de ello, y teniendo en cuenta los efectos descritos en la literatura, se necesitan más estudios para reforzar la evidencia actual (AU)

Seasonal variation and diet quality among Spanish people aged over 55 years

There is evidence supporting the importance of a healthy diet; however, there are few studies analyzing the seasonal variation of food intake. The present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of food and energy intake in Spanish elderly also to investigate diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. From a cross-sectional study, 28 individuals (39% males) aged over 55 years volunteered for a longitudinal follow-up. Dietary assessment was evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls. Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using DIAL software. Furthermore, diet quality was measured using HEI. Data was analyzed considering the interaction of sex, age, fitness status, and body composition. Cereals intake was significantly lower in summer than in winter and autumn (both p < 0.05); whereas, drinks intake was significantly higher in summer than in winter, spring, and autumn (all p < 0.01). Daily energy intake was significant higher in spring than in summer, and in autumn than in summer (p < 0.05), and energy intake from lunch was also statistically higher in spring than in summer (p < 0.01). The HEI was classified as good; however, a negative and significant association was observed between HEI and cholesterol, alcohol, and monounsaturated fatty acids intake (p < 0.01). Cereals and drinks intake and total daily energy intake changed according to seasons. This should be considered in nutritional studies. Diet quality seems not to be affected by these seasonal changes, and HEI did not show a good association with the majority of foods and macro- and micronutrients

Seasonal variation and diet quality among Spanish people aged over 55 years.

There is evidence supporting the importance of a healthy diet; however, there are few studies analyzing the seasonal variation of food intake. The present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of food and energy intake in Spanish elderly also to investigate diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. From a cross-sectional study, 28 individuals (39% males) aged over 55 years volunteered for a longitudinal follow-up. Dietary assessment was evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls. Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using DIAL software. Furthermore, diet quality was measured using HEI. Data was analyzed considering the interaction of sex, age, fitness status, and body composition. Cereals intake was significantly lower in summer than in winter and autumn (both p < 0.05); whereas, drinks intake was significantly higher in summer than in winter, spring, and autumn (all p < 0.01). Daily energy intake was significant higher in spring than in summer, and in autumn than in summer (p < 0.05), and energy intake from lunch was also statistically higher in spring than in summer (p < 0.01). The HEI was classified as good; however, a negative and significant association was observed between HEI and cholesterol, alcohol, and monounsaturated fatty acids intake (p < 0.01). Cereals and drinks intake and total daily energy intake changed according to seasons. This should be considered in nutritional studies. Diet quality seems not to be affected by these seasonal changes, and HEI did not show a good association with the majority of foods and macro- and micronutrients.

Effect of α-tocopherol megadoses on hematologic parameters and antioxidant capacity of rats in an ultraendurance probe.

This study was aimed to analyze the effect of two different megadoses of α-tocopherol (vit E) in the antioxidant activity and red and white blood series of Wistar rats after a 180-min ultraendurance probe. Three groups of 10 rats were analyzed; VEAG: acute administration of a megadoses of 5,000 IU/kg of vit E the day before the probe; VECG: chronic administration of 1,000 IU/kg/day of vit E for 6 days before the probe; CG: placebo administration. VEAG presented white cells, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin values significantly higher than CG and VECG (p < 0.05). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes concentrations were significantly higher in the VECG than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, VEAG presented a significantly higher vit E blood concentration than VECG and CG (p < 0.05), and VECG than CG (p < 0.05). Finally, we found a significantly positive correlation between trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and red blood cells concentration (r = 0.374) and a significantly inverse correlation between TEAC and blood lactate concentration (r = -0.365). Our findings suggest that acute vit E megadoses could protect against transitory sport anemia symptoms and increase the white blood cell count in comparison with the chronic dose and control groups after an ultraendurance probe.

Dynamic soluble changes in sVEGFR1, HGF, and VEGF promote chemotherapy and bevacizumab resistance: A prospective translational study in the BECOX (GEMCAD 09-01) trial.

Despite initial responsiveness, acquired resistance to both bevacizumab and chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer is universal. We have recently published that in vitro, chronically oxaliplatin resistance upregulates soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor, and also promotes c-MET, b-catenin/transcription factor 4, and AKT activation. We tested whether variation in three serum biomarkers such as the natural c-MET ligand (hepatocyte growth factor), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A was associated with efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated in the prospective BECOX study. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A165, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, and hepatocyte growth factor were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method basally and every 3 cycles (at the time of computed tomography evaluation) in a preplanned translational study in the first-line BECOX trial in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with CAPOX plus bevacizumab. Response was evaluated by routine contrast-enhanced computed tomography by RECIST 1.1 by investigator assessment and by three blinded independent radiologists. Ratios between soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/vascular endothelial growth factor-A and hepatocyte growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-A were established and variations through time were related to RECIST 1.1 by investigator assessment and independent radiologist. The BECOX trial included 68 patients, and 27 patients were analyzed in the translational trial. A total of 80 RECIST 1.1 evaluations were done by investigator assessment and 56 by independent radiologist. We found that a 3.22-fold increase in soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/vascular endothelial growth factor-A by investigator assessment and a 3.06-fold increase in soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/vascular endothelial growth factor-A by independent radiologist from previous determination were associated with responses compared with 1.38-fold increase by investigator assessment and 1.59 by independent radiologist in non-responders (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.03, respectively). Responders had a 3.36-fold increase in hepatocyte growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-A from previous determination by investigator assessment and 3.66-fold increase in hepatocyte growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-A by independent radiologist compared with 1.43-fold increase by investigator assessment and 1.53 by independent radiologist for non-responders (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). In conclusion, a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor-A and an increase in soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 during chemotherapy and bevacizumab exposure can contribute to both chemotherapy (due to c-MET/b-catenin activation) and bevacizumab (due to low vascular endothelial growth factor requirements) resistance. Because hepatocyte growth factor levels decrease also during acquired resistance, alternative strategies to hepatocyte growth factor-ligand inhibition should be investigated.

MRI assessment and outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy only for primary rectal cancer: long-term results from the GEMCAD 0801 trial.

Background: Primary chemotherapy has been tested as a possible approach for patients with high risk features but predicted clear mesorectal margins on preoperative MRI assessment. This study investigates the prognostic relevance of baseline and post-treatment MRI and pathology staging in rectal cancer patients undergoing primary chemotherapy. Patients and methods: Forty-six patients with T3 tumour > =2 mm from the mesorectal fascia were prospectively treated with Neoadjuvant Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab prior to surgery between 2009 and 2011. The baseline and post-treatment MRI: T, Nodal and Extra-mural venous invasion (EMVI) status were recorded as well as post-treatment MRI Tumour regression grade (TRG) and modified-RECIST assessment of tumour length. The post-treatment pathology (yp) assessments of T3 substage, N, EMVI and TRG status were also recorded. Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) and cumulative incidence of recurrence were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between staging and response on MRI and pathology with survival outcomes. Results: About 46 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for high risk margin safe primary rectal cancer. The median follow-up was 41 months, 5 patients died and 11 patients experienced relapse (2 local, 8 distant and 1 both). In total 23/46 patients were identified with MRI features of EMVI at baseline. mrEMVI positive status carried independent prognostic significance for DFS (P = 0.0097) with a hazard ratio of 31.33 (95% CI: 2.3-425.4). The histopathologic factor that was of independent prognostic importance was a final ypT downstage of ypT3a or less, hazard ratio: 14.0 (95% CI: 1.5-132.5). Conclusions: mrEMVI is an independent prognostic factor at baseline for poor outcomes in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy while ≤ypT3a is associated with an improvement in DFS. Future preoperative therapy evaluation in rectal cancer patients will need to stratify treatment according to baseline EMVI status as a crucial risk factor for recurrence in patients with predicted CRM clear rectal cancer.

Fruit and vegetables consumption is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin status among European adolescents.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Current research in adults indicates that fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption increases serum levels of vitamins C, E and folate of ß-carotene and reduces homocysteine concentrations. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of FAV consumption on vitamin intakes and their impact on blood vitamin concentrations in European adolescents. SUBJECT/METHODS: This multi-center cross-sectional study included 702 (53.7% females) adolescents, aged 12.50-17.49 years, from 10 European cities. Two independent self-administered 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the adolescent's diet. The total energy, vitamins and FAV consumption were calculated. Adolescents were categorized into three groups: (i) very low FAV intake (<200 g/day); (ii) low FAV consumption (200-399 g/day) and (iii) adequate FAV consumption (⩾400 g/day). Adolescent's fasted blood samples were taken for their analysis on vitamin concentrations. RESULTS: The main results showed that those adolescents meeting the FAV recommendation, classified as FAV adequate consumers, presented higher intake of energy and some vitamins as B6, total folic acid, C, E and ß-carotene compared with FAV very low consumers (P<0.05). Regarding their blood status, male adolescents who had a very low FAV consumption presented lower plasma folate, RBC folate blood concentrations compared with adequate FAV consumers (P<0.05). Female adequate FAV consumers had higher concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), plasma folate, RBC folate, vitamin C, ß-carotene and α-tocopherol compared with very low and low consumers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Having a FAV dairy intake above 400 g/day is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin concentrations, especially for antioxidant and B-vitamins concentrations.

Experimental study of the mechanical stabilization of electric arc furnace dust using fluid cement mortars.

This article shows the results of an experimental study carried out in order to determine the maximum amount of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) that can be incorporated into fluid cement-based mortars to produce mechanically stable monolithic blocks. The leaching performance of all mixes was studied in order to classify them according to the EU Council Decision 2003/33/EC. Two mortars were used as reference and three levels of EAFD incorporation were tested in each of the reference mortars. As the incorporation ratio of EAFD/cement increases, the mechanical strength decreases. This is due to the greater EAFD/cement and water/cement ratios, besides the presence of a double-hydrated hydroxide of Ca and Zn (CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O) instead of the portlandite phase (Ca(OH)2) in the mixes made with EAFD, as well as non-hydrated tricalcium silicate. A mass ratio of 2:1 (EAFD: cement-based mortar) can be added maintaining a stable mechanical strength. The mechanical stabilization process also reduced the leaching of metals, although it was not able to reduce the Pb concentration below the limit for hazardous waste. The high amount of EAFD mechanically stabilized in this experimental study can be useful to reduce the storage volume required in hazardous waste landfills.

Analysis of chromium and sulphate origins in construction recycled materials based on leaching test results.

Twenty samples of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) with different compositions collected at six recycling plants in the Andalusia region (south of Spain) were characterised according to the Landfill Directive criteria. Chromium and sulphate were identified as the most critical compounds in the leachates. To detect the sources of these two pollutant constituents in recycled aggregate, environmental assessments were performed on eight construction materials (five unused ceramic materials, two old crushed concretes and one new mortar manufactured in the laboratory). The results confirmed that leached sulphate and Cr were mainly released by the ceramic materials (bricks and tiles). To predict the toxicological consequences, the oxidation states of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were measured in the leachates of recycled aggregates and ceramic materials classified as non-hazardous. The bricks and tiles mainly released total Cr as Cr (III). However, the recycled aggregates classified as non-hazardous according to the Landfill Directive criteria mainly released Cr (VI), which is highly leachable and extremely toxic. The obtained results highlight the need for legislation that distinguishes the oxidative state in which chromium is released into the environment. Leaching level regulations must not be based solely on total Cr, which can lead to inaccurate predictions.

Leaching assessment of concrete made of recycled coarse aggregate: physical and environmental characterisation of aggregates and hardened concrete.

Each year, millions of tonnes of waste are generated worldwide, partially through the construction and demolition of buildings. Recycling the resulting waste could reduce the amount of materials that need to be manufactured. Accordingly, the present work has analysed the potential reuse of construction waste in concrete manufacturing by replacing the natural aggregate with recycled concrete coarse aggregate. However, incorporating alternative materials in concrete manufacturing may increase the pollutant potential of the product, presenting an environmental risk via ground water contamination. The present work has tested two types of concrete batches that were manufactured with different replacement percentages. The experimental procedure analyses not only the effect of the portion of recycled aggregate on the physical properties of concrete but also on the leaching behaviour as indicative of the contamination degree. Thus, parameters such as slump, density, porosity and absorption of hardened concrete, were studied. Leaching behaviour was evaluated based on the availability test performed to three aggregates (raw materials of the concrete batches) and on the diffusion test performed to all concrete. From an environmental point of view, the question of whether the cumulative amount of heavy metals that are released by diffusion reaches the availability threshold was answered. The analysis of concentration levels allowed the establishment of different groups of metals according to the observed behaviour, the analysis of the role of pH and the identification of the main release mechanisms. Finally, through a statistical analysis, physical parameters and diffusion data were interrelated. It allowed estimating the relevance of porosity, density and absorption of hardened concrete on diffusion release of the metals in study.

Detección de segundos tumores en estudios de la PET/TC con 11C-colina realizados por recurrencia bioquímica de cáncer de próstata / Detection of second tumors in 11C-choline PET/CT studies performed due to biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer

La aplicación clínica más aceptada de la PET/TC con 11C-colina es la localización precoz de la recidiva bioquímica en pacientes tras un tratamiento radical de cáncer de próstata. Su uso generalizado ha hecho evidente la existencia de localizaciones infrecuentes de incidentalomas, lesiones metastásicas, así como falsos positivos y negativos en la exploración. En los últimos 6 años, de un total de 454 estudios de la PET/TC con 11C-colina realizados en nuestro servicio para localizar la recidiva bioquímica de un cáncer de próstata hemos detectado un segundo tumor en 7 casos (1,54%): 3 de pulmón, 2 colorrectales, uno de esófago y uno esofagogástrico. Si bien es conocida la utilidad de la PET/TC con 11C-colina en la detección de otros tipos de tumores diferentes al cáncer de próstata, en los pacientes en los que se realiza la exploración por esta indicación aceptada su diagnóstico muestra un importante cambio en el manejo terapéutico de estos pacientes (AU)

Early localization of biochemical recurrence in patients after radical treatment of prostate cancer is a widely accepted clinical indication of 11C-choline PET/CT. Its widespread clinical use has prompted the depiction of incidentalomas, unusual sites of metastatic lesions, as well as false positive and negative cases. Over the last 6 years, a total of 454 11C-choline PET/CT studies have been performed in our institution to locate biochemical recurrence of patients with prostate cancer. With these studies, a second neoplasm has been found in 7 patients (1.54%): 3 lung, 2 colorectal, 1 esophagus and 1 esophageal junction, respectively. Although the clinical usefulness of this technique for detecting cancer lesions other than prostate origin is known for those patients who undergo this technique in the accepted indication, the diagnosis of a second tumor has a significant impact on their therapeutic management (AU)

[Detection of second tumors in 11C-choline PET/CT studies performed due to biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer]. / Detección de segundos tumores en estudios de la PET/TC con (11)C-colina realizados por recurrencia bioquímica de cáncer de próstata.

Early localization of biochemical recurrence in patients after radical treatment of prostate cancer is a widely accepted clinical indication of (11)C-choline PET/CT. Its widespread clinical use has prompted the depiction of incidentalomas, unusual sites of metastatic lesions, as well as false positive and negative cases. Over the last 6 years, a total of 454 (11)C-choline PET/CT studies have been performed in our institution to locate biochemical recurrence of patients with prostate cancer. With these studies, a second neoplasm has been found in 7 patients (1.54%): 3 lung, 2 colorectal, 1 esophagus and 1 esophageal junction, respectively. Although the clinical usefulness of this technique for detecting cancer lesions other than prostate origin is known for those patients who undergo this technique in the accepted indication, the diagnosis of a second tumor has a significant impact on their therapeutic management.

Estudio de la composición corporal en deportistas masculinos universitarios de difertentes disciplinas deportivas / No disponible

La antropometría es una de las ciencias aplicadas al deporte. Nos permite obtener medidas corporales (pliegues, perímetros, diámetros, peso, talla) para la obtención de la composición corporal. Se han realizado estudios cinenatropométricos en diferentes disciplinas deportivas de categoría élite, pero muy pocos en deportistas universitarios, de ahí el objetivo del artículo. Se evaluaron 126 deportistas universitarios masculinos, procedentes de diferentes disciplinas deportivas: futbol, triatlón, remo, balonmano y vóley-playa. Un medidor acreditado nivel II por la International Society for the Advancement Kineanthropometry (ISAK), tomo la medidas. La descripción de las características cineantropométricas en las disciplinas evaluadas, adquiere importancia, para que el personal técnico las tome como en la planificación y evaluación del deportista (AU)

Anthropometry is a science applied to sport. It allows us to get body measurements (folds, perimeter, diameter, weight, height) to know the body composition. Studies have been conducted in different elite sports class, but very few in college athlete. We evaluated 126 male college athletes from different sports: football, triathlon, rowing, handball and volleyBeach. A person accredited level 2 by the International Society for the Advancement Kineanthropometry (ISAK), take the measures. The team's staff can use the description of the anthropometric characteristics to evaluation of the athlete (AU)

Ingesta dietética de hierro y su deficiencia en las jugadoras de voleibol femenino de élite / Dietary iron intake and deficiency in elite women volleyball players

Introducción: La práctica del voleibol requiere repetidos impactos en brazos y pies provocados por saltos verticales, caídas, remates, cambios bruscos y rápidos de dirección, por lo que se nos podría plantear problemas en el metabolismo del hierro (Fe) y la ingesta recomendada de Fe de 18 mg/día (en el colectivo femenino a nivel general), no sea suficiente para cubrir las necesidades de Fe de las jugadoras de voleibol femenino (JVF). Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de los depósitos de Fe mediante los cambios producidos en la ferritina sérica (FS) e índice de saturación de transferrina (IST) y evaluar la ingesta de Fe tras 11 semanas de entrenamiento. Métodos: Se analizó la FS e IST de 10 JVF de un equipo de la Superliga española (26,6 ± 5,9 años y talla 178,05 ± 8,7 cm) en dos momentos de la temporada: Semana 0 (previo al inicio de los entrenamientos de pretemporada) y semana 11 (tras 11 semanas de entrenamiento y 6 partidos de la liga regular). Así mismo se calculó el consumo de Fe en este periodo a partir de cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos elaborados y comprobados a partir de registros dietéticos de 7 días. Resultados: Se observó que una ingesta de 25,8 mg/día de Fe dietario no es suficiente para prevenir que un 30% de las JVF sufran déficit de Fe pre-latente y el 20% déficit latente (pre-anemia). Conclusión: Sería recomendable la realización de analíticas periódicas y una educación alimentaria, enseñando que alimentos contienen un alto contenido en Fe de tipo hemo, así como los factores que pueden interferir en su absorción (AU)

Introduction: Volleyball practice requires repeated impacts on arms and feet caused by vertical jumps, falls, auctions, sudden and rapid changes of direction, which is why might raise us problems in the metabolism of iron (Fe) and the recommended intake of 18 mg/day (in the women in general), is not sufficient to meet the needs of the players of volleyball female (JVF). Objective: We analyzed the FS and IST of 10 JVF a team of Spanish SuperLeague (26.6 ± 5.9 years and height 178.05 ± 8.7 cm) in two moments of the season: Week 0 (pre-start of preseason) and week 11 (after 11 weeks of training and 6 games of the regular season). Also calculated Fe intake in this period with consumption frequency questionnaire developed and tested with food dietary records of 7 days. Results: We observed that an intake of 25.8 mg/day of dietary Fe is not sufficient to prevent 30% of the JVF suffer pre-latent iron deficiency and 20% latent deficit (pre-anemia). Conclusion: It could be recommended conducting periodic blood analytical and a food education, teaching which foods containing a high content of Fe-type heme, and the factors that can interfere with absorption (AU)

[Dietary iron intake and deficiency in elite women volleyball players]. / Ingesta dietética de hierro y su deficiencia en las jugadoras de voleibol femenino de élite.

INTRODUCTION: Volleyball practice requires repeated impacts on arms and feet caused by vertical jumps, falls, auctions, sudden and rapid changes of direction, which is why might raise us problems in the metabolism of iron (Fe) and the recommended intake of 18 mg/day (in the women in general), is not sufficient to meet the needs of the players of volleyball female (JVF). OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the FS and IST of 10 JVF a team of Spanish SuperLeague (26.6 ± 5.9 years and height 178.05 ± 8.7 cm) in two moments of the season: Week 0 (pre-start of preseason) and week 11 (after 11 weeks of training and 6 games of the regular season). Also calculated Fe intake in this period with consumption frequency questionnaire developed and tested with food dietary records of 7 days. RESULTS: We observed that an intake of 25.8 mg/day of dietary Fe is not sufficient to prevent 30% of the JVF suffer pre-latent iron deficiency and 20% latent deficit (pre-anemia). CONCLUSION: It could be recommended conducting periodic blood analytical and a food education, teaching which foods containing a high content of Fe-type heme, and the factors that can interfere with absorption.

[PET/CT-guided salvage surgery protocol. Results with ROLL Technique and PET probe]. / Protocolo de cirugía de rescate guiada por PET/TAC. Resultados con técnica ROLL y sonda PET.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of intraoperatory radioguided probe detection to guide surgical resection of malignant lesions previously detected by (18)F-FDG PET-CT. MATERIAL: Twelve consecutive patients with suspected tumor recurrence detected by (18)F-FDG PET-CT considered resectable were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) before surgery was performed in 6 patients and CT guided biopsy was performed in 1 patient. In 5 patients with accessible lesions, a radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) technique was performed after injection of (99m)Tc-colloid (1.7-2.4 mCi) inside the lesion under ultrasound or CT guidance, pre-operatively. Radioguided surgical detection was then carried out 19-24 hours afterwards using the gamma probe. In 7 patients with non-accessible needle lesions or multiple lesions, 9.5-10.5 mCi of (18)F-FDG were injected 3-5 hours before radioguided surgery using a PET-dedicated probe (Gamma locator DXI-GF&E). RESULTS: ROLL technique: All lesions injected with nanocolloid were resected (6 lesions in 5 patients, 1 patient with 2 lesions), and recurrence was histologically confirmed. PET probe: Fourteen out of 16 hypermetabolic lesions detected on the PET-CT were resected. One cervical and one mediastinal lymph node in different patients could not be excised. Histological recurrence was confirmed in 12 out of 14 lesions. In one patient, the 2 lymph nodes excised were inflammatory. CONCLUSIONS: (18)F-FDG PET-CT can be key in deciding surgical approach and appropriate radioguided protocol. When lesions are solitary and easily accessible, ROLL technique seems the method of choice. PET probe is more adequate for less accessible lesions.

The endurance of the effects of the penalty point system in Spain three years after. Main influencing factors.

In this work we have used ARIMA time series models to analyse the contribution of the penalty point system, the most important legislative measure for driving licences, in reducing the number of fatalities over 24h on the roads in Spain during the study period (January 1995 to June 2009). In addition, because of this long period of analysis, other control variables were introduced to model the enactment of the Reform of the Penal Code in December 2007, together with other more specific effects needed to fit the model correctly. The ARIMA intervention models methodology combines the basic features of specific times series models: it controls the trend and seasonal variation in data that is present when modelling the structure through autoregressive and moving average parameters and allows for inserting step or impulse input variables for checking and evaluating the effects of deterministic measures, such as legislative changes which are the object of study in this work. This paper analyses the surveillance and control measures introduced in the periods before and after the implementation of the penalty point system and helps to partly explain its apparent endurance over time. The results show that the introduction of the penalty point system in Spain had a very positive effect in reducing the number of fatalities (over 24h) on the road, and that this effect has endured up to the present time. This success may be due to the continuing increase in surveillance measures and fines as well the significantly growing interest shown by the news media in road safety since the measures were introduced. All this has led to positive changes in driver behaviour. It is, therefore, a combination of three factors: the penalty point system, the gradual stepping up of surveillance measures and sanctions, and the publicity given to road safety issues in the mass media would appear to be the key to success. The absence of any of these three factors would have predictably led to a far less positive evolution of the accident rate on Spanish roads.

Value of FDG-PET for monitoring treatment response in patients with advanced GIST refractory to high-dose imatinib. A multicenter GEIS study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in monitoring response in refractory GIST. METHODS: This multicenter study prospectively evaluated 21 patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic GIST refractory to with high-dose imatinib (800 mg/day) treated with doxorubicin 15-20 mg/m2/weekly for 4 cycles, followed by imatinib maintenance (400 mg/day). CT and FDG-PET were performed at baseline and after completion of therapy. RESULTS: Mean baseline tumor size on CT was 5.9 cm. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 219 days (range 62-1108). Three out of 21 patients (14%) had partial responses (PR) under RECIST criteria, 12 patients (57%) remained stable (SD) and 6 showed progression (PD) of the disease during treatment (29%). Six patients had PR by FDG-PET, 15 showed SD (n=9) or PD (n=6) based on EORTC criteria. Patients with a PFS <6 mo showed a significantly higher ∑SUVmax at baseline (26.04±13.4) than those with PFS≥6 mo (9.82±5.0) (P<0.05). A correlation was found between PET response and PFS: PR 14±6.1 mo, SD 5.5±0.8 mo and PD 3.5±4.1 mo (P<0.05). A residual SUVmax <5 after treatment correlated with improved PFS (314±315 days vs 131±91 days) (P<0.01). Survival curves showed a significant association between PET response and PFS (P<0.05). Patients with wild-type genotype KIT (KIT-WT) showed a significantly lower baseline SUVmax (5.36±1.4) than non-WT KIT (8.40±3.6) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is useful in assessing response of GIST refractory to imatinib and correlates with the presence of KIT-WT. Baseline ∑SUVmax can predict response to treatment in this series.

Treatment with N-acetylcysteine in stable renal transplantation.

The primary cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplantation is cardiovascular disease. Increased oxidative stress implies a greater degree of atherogenesis in these patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) which has a thiol group that is the source of l-cysteine and reduced glutathione, acts against atherosclerosis via a decrease in apoptosis, vasoconstriction, and endothelial dysfunction. Experimental models have examined the antioxidant effects of NAC during and after ischemia-reperfusion, but few studies have shown an effect in renal transplantation in human beings. In 8 months, we studied the effect of NAC treatment on oxidative stress, lipids, and renal function in 25 patients with stable renal function and no diabetes after transplantation. Data were collected on oxidative parameters: malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, lipid profile, and renal function (creatinine concentration, Cockroft-Gault formula, and Modified Diet in Renal Disease study). There were no significant differences in oxidative profile before and after treatment with NAC. The mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction increased after treatment and showed a significant positive correlation with glutathione peroxidase (r = 0.495). Serum creatinine concentration decreased, and Cockroft-Gault and Modified Diet in Renal Disease study estimates of renal function increased in the treatment period. In conclusion, NAC treatment in patients with stable renal function after transplantation increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and antioxidant molecules in relation to glutathione peroxidase, with a positive influence on renal function.