[Modelling length of hospital stay in motor victims]. / Modelización del tiempo de hospitalización en lesiones por tránsito.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze which socio-demographic and other factors related to motor injuries affect the length of hospital recovery stay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study a sample of 17 932 motor accidents was used. All the crashes occurred in Spain between 2000 and 2007. Different regression models were fitted to data to identify and measure the impact of a set of explanatory regressors. RESULTS: Time of hospital stay for men is on average 41% larger than for women. When the victim has a fracture as a consequence of the accident, the mean time of hospital stay is multiplied by five. Injuries located in lower extremities, the head and abdomen are associated with greater hospitalization lengths. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, age and type of victim, as well as the location and nature of injuries, are found to be factors that have significant impact on the expected length of hospital stay.

Modelización del tiempo de hospitalización en lesiones por tránsito / Modelling length of hospital stay in motor victims

Objetivo. Analizar los factores sociodemográficos y de las lesiones causadas por accidentes de tránsito que influyen en el tiempo de hospitalización de las víctimas. Material y métodos. Muestra transversal de 17 932 eventos de tránsito ocurridos en España entre 2000 y 2007. Se estimaron diferentes modelos de regresión para identificar y medir la influencia de los factores. Resultados. Los hombres tienen un tiempo medio de hospitalización 41% mayor al de las mujeres. La duración de la estancia hospitalaria media aumenta cinco veces cuando existen fracturas. Las lesiones en las extremidades inferiores, la cabeza y el abdomen se asocian con mayores duraciones hospitalarias. Conclusiones. El sexo de la víctima, su edad, la posición que ocupaba en el vehículo en el momento del evento, el tipo de vehículo causante y el tipo y zona de la lesión influyen significativamente en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria.

Objective. To analyze which socio-demographic and other factors related to motor injuries affect the length of hospital recovery stay. Materials and methods. In the study a sample of 17 932 motor accidents was used. All the crashes occurred in Spain between 2000 and 2007. Different regression models were fitted to data to identify and measure the impact of a set of explanatory regressors. Results. Time of hospital stay for men is on average 41% larger than for women. When the victim has a fracture as a consequence of the accident, the mean time of hospital stay is multiplied by five. Injuries located in lower extremities, the head and abdomen are associated with greater hospitalization lengths. Conclusions. Gender, age and type of victim, as well as the location and nature of injuries, are found to be factors that have significant impact on the expected length of hospital stay.

Factores sociodemográficos y de salud asociados a la institucionalización de personas dependientes / Socio-demographic and health factors associated with the institutionalization of dependent people

Fundamento: El análisis del efecto que diferentes variables tienen en la institucionalización de las personas dependientes es un tema escasamente estudiado en España. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar qué factores sociodemográficos y del estado de salud pueden influir en la probabilidad de que la persona dependiente viva en una residencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de la población dependiente de la provincia de Cuenca, a partir de una muestra representativa de la población baremada como dependiente en febrero de 2009, obteniéndose información de personas con grados II y III de dependencia. Se estimó un modelo de regresión logística binaria para identificar los factores asociados a la institucionalización de las personas dependientes. Resultados: Los individuos con edades comprendidas entre 65 y 74 años tienen prácticamente 6 veces más probabilidad de estar institucionalizados, frente a no estar institucionalizados, que los de edades inferiores a 65 años; probabilidad que aumenta hasta 16 veces para individuos de edad igual o superior a los 95 años. Vivir en zona urbana multiplica por 3 la probabilidad de institucionalización frente a residir en zona rural. Las personas que siguen tratamientos farmacológicos, tratamientos psicoterapéuticos, o tratamientos rehabilitadores, tienen entre 2 y 4 veces más probabilidad de estar institucionalizados que las que no los siguen. Conclusiones: La edad, el estado civil casado, el lugar de residencia, las variables de salud enfermedades del aparato circulatorio y musculoesqueléticas, y los cuatro tipos de tratamiento a seguir se convierten en las principales variables asociadas a la institucionalización de personas dependientes(AU)

Background: The analysis of the effect that different variables have in the probability that dependent people are institutionalized is a topic scantily studied in Spain. The aim of the work is to analyze as certain socio-demographic and health factors can influence probability of dependent person living in a residence. Methods: A cross-section study has been conducted from a representative sample of the dependent population in Cuenca (Spain) in February, 2009. We have obtained information for people with level II and III of dependence. A binary logit regression model has been estimated to identify those factors related to the institutionalization of dependent people. Results: People with ages between 65-74 years old are six times more likely to be institutionalized than younger people (<65 years old); this probability increases sixteen times for those individuals with ages equal or higher than 95 years. The probability of institutionalization of people who live in an urban area is three times the probability of people who live in a rural area. People who need pharmacological, psychotherapy or rehabilitation treatments have between two and four times more probability of being institutionalized that those who do not need those. Conclusions: Age, marital status, place of residence, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases and four times of medical treatment are the principal variables associated with the institutionalization of dependent people(AU)

[Socio-demographic and health factors associated with the institutionalization of dependent people]. / Factores sociodemográficos y de salud asociados a la institucionalización de personas dependientes.

BACKGROUND: The analysis of the effect that different variables have in the probability that dependent people are institutionalized is a topic scantily studied in Spain. The aim of the work is to analyze as certain socio-demographic and health factors can influence probability of dependent person living in a residence. METHODS: A cross-section study has been conducted from a representative sample of the dependent population in Cuenca (Spain) in February, 2009. We have obtained information for people with level II and III of dependence. A binary logit regression model has been estimated to identify those factors related to the institutionalization of dependent people. RESULTS: People with ages between 65-74 years old are six times more likely to be institutionalized than younger people (< 65 years old); this probability increases sixteen times for those individuals with ages equal or higher than 95 years. The probability of institutionalization of people who live in an urban area is three times the probability of people who live in a rural area. People who need pharmacological, psychotherapy or rehabilitation treatments have between two and four times more probability of being institutionalized that those who do not need those. CONCLUSIONS: Age, marital status, place of residence, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases and four times of medical treatment are the principal variables associated with the institutionalization of dependent people.

Tasa de dependencia de la población española no institucionalizada y criterios de valoración de la severidad / Dependency Rate among Spain's Non-Institutionalized Population and Criteria for Evaluating Severity

Fundamento: El criterio de valoración del grado de severidad dela dependencia influye en la estimación de los costes de los serviciosde cuidados de larga duración, especialmente en la población de 65 ymás años. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias en latasa de dependencia en personas con discapacidades de carácter permanentedependiendo del criterio de severidad utilizado.Métodos: Se utilizan los datos de la Encuesta sobre Discapacidades,Deficiencias y Estado de Salud recogidos por el InstitutoNacional de Estadística en 1999. Se comparan dos criterios de valoraciónde la severidad de las discapacidades padecidas por un individuo.Se ajusta el logaritmo de las tasas de prevalencia por edad, paracada sexo y se contrasta estadísticamente la existencia de diferenciassignificativas entre los criterios a partir de intervalos de confianza al95%.Resultados: El criterio basado en la máxima severidad (empleadopor el Instituto Nacional de Estadística) infravalora entre 10%-25% el grado de dependencia absoluto medido por el criterio alternativo, sobrevalorando hasta un 25% los grados de dependenciamoderados a partir de los 65 años. En la población masculina esemismo criterio produce una infravaloración del 10% en la dependenciagrave a partir de los 95 años.Conclusiones: El criterio de máxima severidad utilizado por elInstituto Nacional de Estadística infravalora la tasa de dependenciamás grave, especialmente a partir de los 80 años

Background: The criteria for evaluating the degree of severityof dependence has an impact on estimating the costs of the long termcare services, especially among the population over 65 yearsof age. The sensitivity of the dependency rate must be analyzed inview of different definitions of seriousness, whether by the maximumseverity observed in the disability in activities of daily livingor by the number and severity of all these disabilities.Methods: The data from the Disability, Deficiency and HealthCondition Survey conducted by the Spanish National Institute ofStatistics in 1999 are used. A comparison is drawn between two criteriafor evaluating the severity of an individual's disabilities.Models are made with the logarithms of the prevalence rates by age,for each sex, a comparison of the existence of significant differencesbetween these criteria being drawn based on 95% confidence intervals.Results: The criterion based on the maximum severity (employedby the Spanish National Institute of Statistics) underestimatesthe degree of total dependency measured by the alternative criterionby 10%-25%, overestimating the degrees of moderate dependency asof age 65 by up to 25%. Among the male population, this same criteriongives rise the medium dependency as of age 95 being underestimatedby 10%.Conclusions: The maximum severity criterion employed by theSpanish National Institute of Statistics underestimates the mostserious dependency rate, especially as of 80 years of age

[Dependency Rate among Spain's Non-Institutionalized Population and Criteria for Evaluating Severity]. / Tasa de dependencia de la población españolano institucionalizada y criterios de valoración de la severidad.

OBJECTIVE: The criteria for evaluating the degree of severity of dependence has an impact on estimating the costs of the longterm care services, especially among the population over 65 years of age. The sensitivity of the dependency rate must be analyzed in view of different definitions of seriousness, whether by the maximum severity observed in the disability in activities of daily living or by the number and severity of all these disabilities. METHODS: The data from the Disability, Deficiency and HealthCondition Survey conducted by the Spanish National Institute ofStatistics in 1999 are used. A comparison is drawn between two criteriafor evaluating the severity of an individual's disabilities.Models are made with the logarithms of the prevalence rates by age,for each sex, a comparison of the existence of significant differencesbetween these criteria being drawn based on 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The criterion based on the maximum severity (employed by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics) underestimates the degree of total dependency measured by the alternative criterion by 10%-25%, overestimating the degrees of moderate dependency as of age 65 by up to 25%. Among the male population, this same criterion gives rise the medium dependency as of age 95 being underestimated by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum severity criterion employed by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics underestimates the most serious dependency rate, especially as of 80 years of age.

OBJETIVO: El criterio de valoración del grado de severidad de la dependencia influye en la estimación de los costes de los servicios de cuidados de larga duración, especialmente en la población de 65 y más años. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la tasa de dependencia en personas con discapacidades de carácter permanente dependiendo del criterio de severidad utilizado. METODOS: Se utilizan los datos de la Encuesta sobre Discapacidades,Deficiencias y Estado de Salud recogidos por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en 1999. Se comparan dos criterios de valoración de la severidad de las discapacidades padecidas por un individuo. Se ajusta el logaritmo de las tasas de prevalencia por edad, para cada sexo y se contrasta estadísticamente la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los criterios a partir de intervalos de confianza al 95. RESULTADOS: El criterio basado en la máxima severidad (empleado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística) infravalora entre 10%-25% el grado de dependencia absoluto medido por el criterio alternativo, sobrevalorando hasta un 25% los grados de dependencia moderados a partir de los 65 años. En la población masculina ese mismo criterio produce una infravaloración del 10% en la dependencia grave a partir de los 95 años. CONCLUSIONES: El criterio de máxima severidad utilizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística infravalora la tasa de dependencia más grave, especialmente a partir de los 80 años.