ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which results in a cytokine storm, and immune-modulators like Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) might ameliorate coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) related cytokine storm. Therefore, the present study evaluates whether MIP offers an advantage in the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. A prospective MIP cohort study was conducted in chest disease hospitals in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. In the present prospective, randomized clinical study, critically severe COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups, the MIP group (n = 105) and the best standard treatment (BST) group (n = 210). Procalcitonin, ferritin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer levels, and interleukin levels on 5th-day posttreatment were significantly reduced in the MIP group compared to the BST group. Compared to the BST group, 105 consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 in the MIP group reported early weaning off ventilation, resolution of chest architecture (computed tomography [CT] scan), a significant increase in SpO2 levels, and decreased mortality with a hazard ratio: 0.234 (95% confidence interval: 0.264-2.31) (p = 0.001). MIP restored SpO2 , immune/inflammatory response, normalized lung abnormalities (chest CT scan), and reduced mortality without any serious complications. However, there is a need for placebo-controlled double-blind and controlled clinical trials to confirm the efficacy.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cohort Studies , Humans , Mycobacterium , Prospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged from China and rapidly spread to many other countries all over the world. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms among COVID-19 survivors after their discharge from the COVID-19 treatment center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study performed among 119 COVID-19 survivors. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-Checklist (PCL) and Brief OC Scale were used to measure PTSD and OC symptoms. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS (IBM Corp. Released 2015 version 23.0). RESULTS: The mean anxiety, depression, and PTSD scores were, 7.12 ± 0.68, 8.08 ± 0.22, and 19.78 ± 0.88, respectively. Based on cutoff scores, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among COVID-19 survivors was n = 53, 44.54%; n = 73, 61.34%; and n = 30, 25.21%, respectively. Older COVID-19 survivors (≥50 years) were more likely to show symptoms of depression and anxiety (P < 0.001) compared to younger ones. Furthermore, COVID-19 survivors who were ≥50 years of age experienced a greater level of PTSD compared to younger ones; similar trends were seen in those experiencing OC symptoms. In the present study, n = 98 (82.4%) were obsessed with fears of contamination and an equal number had compulsive handwashing. CONCLUSION: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and OC symptoms are common among the COVID-19 survivors and that underscores the need to diagnose and manage mental health morbidities among these survivors long after their recovery from COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The purpose of our study was to assess the presentation of COVID-19 disease in terms of clinical and radiological features in our population. METHODS: 64 RT-PCR documented COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological data were collected and analyzed retrospectively from last week of March to 30th April 2020. RESULTS: Out of the 64 patients, 38 (59.4%) were males, 44 (68.7%) had a history of contact with COVID-19 positive patient. 26.6%patients were in the age group of 21-30 years. 53.1% patients were asymptomatic while as cough and fever were the most common symptoms in 21.8 and 20.3% patients, respectively. Anosmia was present in four patients. Hypertension and hypothyroidism were the most common comorbid illnesses among the study population in 9.4% patients each. Lymphopenia was present in 38% of patients CRP was increased in 83% patients, LDH in 90.2%, and ferritin in 51.5% of patients. 17 (26.6%) patients had bilateral disease in CT. RUL was the most common lobe involved in 18 (28.1%) patients. GGO and consolidation were seen in 22 (34.45) and 13 (20.3%) patients, respectively. Vessel enlargement was observed in 11 (17.2%) patients. All five lobes were involved in 9 (14.1%) patients. Five patients developed severe disease with respiratory comprise; two of them eventually died. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients vary among different populations. Although there are no radiological features which seems to be characteristic of COVID-19, but CT helps in evaluation of the patients as many asymptomatic ones have some radiological findings suggestive of viral pneumonia.
