Effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia injury and apoptotic gene expression.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the major disorders that causes a variety of abnormalities and infant mortality. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common worldwide metabolic disorders, and its prevalence has become one of the public health concerns of the 21st century. This study aims to evaluate the effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on vulnerability to neonatal HI in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats (weighing 200 ± 220 g) were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (rats that received 0.5 mL/day of normal saline solution) and Group 2 (type 1 diabetes was induced in rats on the second day of pregnancy with a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate [150 mg/kg]). After delivery, offspring were divided into four groups: (a) Control (Co), (b) Diabetic (DI), (c) Hypoxia-ischemia (HI), (d) HI + Diabetic (HI + DI). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then cerebral edema, infarct volume, inflammatory factors, Bax-Bcl2 expression, and oxidative stress were measured. RESULTS: The BAX level in the DI + HI (p = 0.0355) group was significantly higher than the HI group. The Bcl-2 expression levels in the HI (p = 0.0027) and DI + HI (p < 0.0001) groups were significantly lower than the DI group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly lower than HI and CO groups. TNF-α, CRP, and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group. Infarct volume and cerebral edema in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group. CONCLUSION: According to the results, type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation increased the destructive effects of HI injury in pups. It also decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and increased the expression BAX apoptosis factor gene in pups.

Prevalence of celiac disease and its related factors in children aged 2-6 years old: A case-control study.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-genetic disorder associated with the small intestine. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD and its related factors in children aged 2-6 years in southeastern Iran. Methods: In the present case-control research, the study groups were selected by convenience sampling method in Zahedan city, Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran, from January 2021 till January 2022. Social-demographic status and personal information about the child, family, as well as the feeding pattern of children and mothers in the first six months of breastfeeding were examined. Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ) was also used for data collection. Results: The prevalence of CD was estimated at 9.2 per 10,000. Our findings showed that child age, birth weight, location of living, child birth type, child digestive disease, and child FFQ score played a significant role in the development of CD (p < 0.05). Children with CD consumed less bread and cereals, meat, eggs and legumes, dairy products, and fruits and vegetables (p = 0.004). In the first six months of breastfeeding, the mean intake of mothers with celiac children and mothers with healthy children was almost the same (p = 0.75). Conclusion: Nutrition in the first six months of lactation, gastrointestinal diseases, birth weight, and type of delivery played a significant role in causing CD in children aged 2-6 years, but mothers' diets in the first six months of lactation had no significant effect on CD incidence in their infants.

Analgesic effect of curcumin topical formulation in knee osteoarthritis patients: a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to recognize the efficacy and safety of curcumin ointment on patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compare to diclofenac as standard medication. METHODS: The topical effects of curcumin (10%) and diclofenac (1%) ointments were assessed through the visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) index after three times a day administration for two weeks in 60 patients. RESULTS: Desirable effects compared to the pre-treatment period were observed after two weeks of continuous treatment. Based on our results, VAS and WOMAC index were altered after treatment significantly (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Two-week use of curcumin ointment could ameliorate the pain, stiffness and function disability in patients with OA.