ABSTRACT
Generalized occurrence of external root resorption in an adult patient is a rare finding. This case report describes external cervical root resorption extensively affecting the dentition that may be associated with the use and subsequent cessation of denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents , Denosumab , Osteoporosis , Root Resorption , Adult , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Denosumab/adverse effects , Humans , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Root Resorption/chemically induced , Tooth Resorption/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The antidiabetic and antiatherosclerotic effects of adiponectin make it a desirable drug target for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the adiponectin-based drug development approach turns out to be difficult due to extremely high serum levels of this adipokine. On the other hand, a significant correlation between adiponectin multimerization and its insulin-sensitizing effects has been demonstrated, suggesting a promising alternative therapeutic strategy. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein in fat (fDsbA-L) exhibited increased levels of total and the high-molecular-weight form of adiponectin compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. The fDsbA-L mice also displayed resistance to diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis compared with WT control mice. The protective effects of DsbA-L overexpression on diet-induced insulin resistance, but not increased body weight and fat cell size, were significantly decreased in adiponectin-deficient fDsbA-L mice (fDsbA-L/Ad(-/-)). In addition, the fDsbA-L/Ad(-/-) mice displayed greater activity and energy expenditure compared with adiponectin knockout mice under a high-fat diet. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DsbA-L protects mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through adiponectin-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, upregulation of DsbA-L could be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
