ABSTRACT
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare stress effects caused by Verticillium dahliae and drought on gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments of pepper plants. Three treatments were compared: Verticillium inoculated plants (+V), non-inoculated well-watered plants (-V) and non-inoculated plants subjected to progressive drought (D). Gas exchange, fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments were measured and represented along a gradient of relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (g(s)). Net photosynthesis (A) and electron transport rate (ETR) decreased, as RWC and g(s) declined, similarly in both +V and D plants. However, dark respiration (R(D)) and photorespiration (R(L)) tended to increase in inoculated plants compared to those subjected to soil drought, as g(s) decreased. Photoinhibitory damage was not observed in infected or in droughted plants. Soil drought decreased intrinsic PSII efficiency (Phi(exc.)), which seemed to result in part from enhanced xanthophyll cycle- and/or lutein-related thermal energy dissipation. Nevertheless, the fact that 1-Phi(exc.) increased in D only at high values of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (DPS) suggests that DeltapH could be the major factor controlling thermal energy dissipation in this treatment. By contrast, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein, as well as Phi(exc.), were not markedly affected in +V. Water stress appeared to be the main limitation to photosynthesis in Verticillium infected plants, probably through stomatal closure, together with impaired mesophyll conductance (g(m)). However, our results indicate differential effects of V. dahliae on dark respiration, photorespiration, g(m) and on the capability of thermal energy dissipation under low g(s) values.
Subject(s)
Capsicum/microbiology , Capsicum/physiology , Droughts , Photosynthesis/physiology , Verticillium/physiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiologyABSTRACT
Los objetivos del estudio son: recoger la experiencia de 25 años de cirugía infantil ambulatoria en el Servicio de Cirugía Infantil del Hospital de Cruces, presentar los resultados de una encuesta de satisfacción de padres y mostrar el ahorro económico estimado en el último quinquenio. En el período 1973-1997 se han intervenido ambulatoriamente 19.934 niños (56 por ciento del total de cirugía programada) que han sido agrupados en cinco quinquenios, apreciándose un incremento constante del número de casos y del porcentaje de cirugía ambulatoria. Las especialidades que más utilizan esta modalidad son cirugía general y ORL (72,4 por ciento y 68,6 por ciento en el último decenio, respectivamente).En cirugía general, la hernia inguinal es el diagnóstico más frecuente, habiendo aumentado el porcentaje de orquidopexias en el último quinquenio; ORL realiza amigdalectomías en régimen ambulatorio en el último decenio. Las prolongaciones de estancia y los ingresos no anticipados se han debido en su gran mayoría a vómitos postoperatorios. La encuesta de satisfacción muestra un elevado grado de aceptación por los padres, si bien un 13 por ciento hubieran preferido una corta estancia postoperatoria. El ahorro económico estimado en el último quinquenio ha sido importante (AU)
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Infant , Humans , Time Factors , Ambulatory Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are: collect 25 years of experience with ambulatory pediatric surgery in The Pediatric Surgery Service of Hospital de Cruces, present the results of a parents-patient satisfaction survey and show the estimated money savings in the last five years. In the period 1973-1997, 19,934 children (56% of the total surgical cases) were operated with ambulatory surgery, and have been grouped in five quinquenia, showing a constant increase of the percentage of ambulatory surgery. General surgery and ENT are the specialities that more frequently uses this type of surgery (72.4% and 68.6% of the surgical cases of each speciality, respectively, in the last ten years). In general surgery inguinal hernia is the most frequent diagnosis with an increase of orchidopexy in the last five years. ENT is doing ambulatory tonsilectomies in the last ten years. The prolonged recovery stay and unanticipated admissions are rare, usually due to vomiting. The parents satisfaction survey shows great acceptancy, although 13% preferred an overnight postoperative stay. The estimated money saved in the last quinquenia has been important.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Time FactorsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Cancellations have an important role in the effectiveness of the surgical schedule. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the evolution of the cancellations during the years 1994-1997, after institution of several corrective measures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We started in 1994 together with the Quality Unit of the Hospital, a program to reduce surgical cancellations. It consisted in improvement of parents information, surgical schedule centralization, and increasing the awareness of the importance of constant improvement. Cancellations have been divided in: inevitables and inevitables, and analyzed for the entire Service and for each speciality. RESULTS: A significant reduction of cancellations have been obtain (from 12.38% in 1992 to 3.35% in 1997). The inevitable causes (no presentation, inadequate preparation and lack of time in the surgical room) have shown the most improvement. Although the inevitable causes (intercurrent disease) were also significantly improved, after obtaining prior information of the health of the child, by telephone call or parents advise. ENT is the speciality with greatest improvement by significant reduction of the non presentation and intercurrent disease. CONCLUSION: After corrective measures conjointly with a realistic surgical schedule, prior telephone call and improvement quality concept, have permitted a significant reduction of cancellations.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Appointments and Schedules , Hospital Administration , Pediatrics , Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data , Catchment Area, Health , Child , Humans , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Patient Dropouts , SpainABSTRACT
Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous cellular tissue in 22 children at different ages was determined. The obtained results served as reference values and as indicators of fatty acid composition change with time. Children below and above 45 days of age were compared. Palmitoleic acid showed the greatest variation in composition change with age in the two first months of life. The results are discussed.
