ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epigenetic events, as the DNA methylation, may be related to development of inflammatory diseases. Due to the important role of host's response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the methylation profile of genes related to immune response in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) compared to healthy individuals. METHODS: Gingival tissues were collected from 20 individuals with GP and 20 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted and submitted to enzymatic digestions. An initial screening using a panel of genes involved with the response immune was performed in pools containing six samples of each group. Genes that presented different levels of methylation between the groups were selected for individual assays for validation. RESULTS: The array results showed an unmethylated profile in the majority of genes evaluated in both groups. MALT1, LTB, and STAT5 genes presented a profile of partial methylation in the control compared with GP group. Validation individual assays using a larger number of samples (n = 20, each group) confirmed the hypomethylation of STAT5 in the GP group compared with control group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Generalized periodontitis is associated with hypomethylation of the STAT5 gene. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the functional impact these findings.
Subject(s)
DNA Methylation , Periodontitis/genetics , Periodontitis/immunology , STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Gingiva , Humans , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica, multifatorial, associada com a disbiose do biofilme dental e caracterizada pela destruição dos tecidos de suportes dos dentes. Embora a presença das bactérias seja essencial na patogênese da periodontite, fatores do hospedeiro, como os genéticos e epigenéticos e fatores ambientais e adquiridos participam do processo. Eventos epigenéticos, como a metilação do DNA, podem estar relacionados ao desenvolvimento de doenças com perfil inflamatório. Devido ao importante papel da resposta do hospedeiro na patogênese da periodontite, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o perfil de metilação de genes relacionados à resposta imune em tecidos gengivais de pacientes com periodontite generalizada (PG) em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Tecidos gengivais foram coletados de 20 indivíduos com PG e 20 indivíduos sem periodontite, como controle. O DNA genômico foi extraído e submetido a digestões enzimáticas. Uma triagem inicial utilizando um painel de genes envolvidos com a resposta imune foi realizada em pools contendo seis amostras de cada grupo. Os genes que apresentaram diferentes níveis de metilação entre os grupos foram selecionados para os ensaios individuais para validação. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram um perfil não metilado na maioria dos genes avaliados nos dois grupos. Os genes MALT1, LTB e STAT5 apresentaram um perfil de metilação parcial no controle comparado ao grupo PG. Ensaios individuais em um número maior de amostras (n = 20, cada grupo) confirmaram a hipometilação do STAT5 no grupo PG comparado ao grupo controle (p <0,001). Conclusão: A PG está associada à hipometilação do gene STAT5. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar o impacto funcional desses achados.
Background and objective: Epigenetic events, as the DNA methylation, may be related to development of diseases with inflammatory profile. Due to the important role of host's response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of present study was to investigate the methylation profile of genes related to immune response in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) compared to healthy individuals. Methods: Gingival tissues were collected from 20 individuals with GP and 20 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted and submitted to enzymatic digestions. An initial screening using a panel of genes involved with the response immune was performed in pools containing six samples of each group. Genes that presented different levels of methylation between the groups were selected for individual assays for validation. Results: The array results showed an unmethylated profile in the majority of genes evaluated in both groups. MALT1, LTB and STAT5 genes presented a profile of partial methylation in the control compared to GP group. Individual assays in a larger number of samples (n=20, each group) confirmed the hypomethylation of STAT5 in the GP group compared to control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: GP is associated with hypomethylation of the STAT5 gene. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the functional impact these findings.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases , Periodontitis , DNA Methylation , Immunity , Tooth Diseases , InflammationABSTRACT
Dental mortality has been reported by longitudinal studies on periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT), but the independent effect of smoking on tooth loss (TL), adjusted for important confounding variables, has been poorly evaluated. This systematic review aimed to assess and analyze the isolated effect of smoking TL among individuals undergoing PMT. Electronic, manual, grey literature, and recent articles (from April 2018) were searched, with no restriction regarding language; respective dates of publication were included. Epidemiological clinical studies reporting TL data among smokers undergoing PMT in comparison to nonsmoker control groups were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed, as well as I2 heterogeneity and sensitivity tests. Evidence quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Eleven papers were included in the systematic review: four case-control and seven cohort studies. Ten out of the 11 studies concluded that smoking was an important risk factor for the occurrence of TL. Meta-analysis of four of the cohort studies found that smokers had 3.24 times the chance of occurrence of TL than nonsmokers undergoing PMT (95%CI: 1.33-7.90). Overall, studies' risk of bias was low. The quality of the scientific evidence moderately supports that smokers undergoing PMT have a greater chance of TL than nonsmokers.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Smoking/adverse effects , Tooth Loss/etiology , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract: Dental mortality has been reported by longitudinal studies on periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT), but the independent effect of smoking on tooth loss (TL), adjusted for important confounding variables, has been poorly evaluated. This systematic review aimed to assess and analyze the isolated effect of smoking TL among individuals undergoing PMT. Electronic, manual, grey literature, and recent articles (from April 2018) were searched, with no restriction regarding language; respective dates of publication were included. Epidemiological clinical studies reporting TL data among smokers undergoing PMT in comparison to nonsmoker control groups were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed, as well as I2 heterogeneity and sensitivity tests. Evidence quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Eleven papers were included in the systematic review: four case-control and seven cohort studies. Ten out of the 11 studies concluded that smoking was an important risk factor for the occurrence of TL. Meta-analysis of four of the cohort studies found that smokers had 3.24 times the chance of occurrence of TL than nonsmokers undergoing PMT (95%CI: 1.33-7.90). Overall, studies' risk of bias was low. The quality of the scientific evidence moderately supports that smokers undergoing PMT have a greater chance of TL than nonsmokers.
Resumo: A perda dentária tem sido relatada em estudos longitudinais sobre terapia periodontal de suporte (TPS), mas houve menos investigação sobre o efeito independente do tabagismo sobre a perda dentária, ajustado por importantes variáveis de confusão. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar e analisar o efeito isolado do tabagismo sobre perda dentária em indivíduos em TPS. A estratégia incluiu fontes eletrônicas, busca manual, literatura cinzenta e artigos recentes (publicados a partir de abril de 2018), sem restrição quanto ao idioma; as datas de publicação foram incluídas. Foram selecionados estudos clínico-epidemiológicos com dados sobre perda dentária entre tabagistas em TPS, comparado com grupos-controle de não-tabagistas. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com a Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. Foi realizada uma meta-análise, assim como, I2 testes de heterogeneidade e de sensibilidade. A qualidade das evidências foi avaliada com a escala GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Onze artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática, sendo quatro estudos de casos e controles e sete estudos de coorte. Dez dos 11 estudos concluíram que o tabagismo é importante fator de risco para a ocorrência de perda dentária. De acordo com a meta-análise de quatro dos estudos de coorte, os tabagistas em TPS apresentavam risco 3,24 vezes maior de ocorrência de perda dentária quando comparados aos não tabagistas (IC95%: 1,33-7,90). O risco global de viés nos estudos foi baixo. A revisão mostrou qualidade moderada das evidências científicas de que os tabagistas em TPS apresentam risco maior de perda dentária do que os não-tabagistas.
Resumen: La mortalidad dental ha sido estudiada en estudios longitudinales acerca de la terapia de mantenimiento periodontal (TMP), pero el efecto independiente de fumar en la pérdida de dientes (PD), ajustado a variables de confusión importantes, se ha evaluado muy poco. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo evaluar y analizar el efecto aislado de fumar en la PD con personas bajo TMP. Se investigó en medios electrónicos, manuales, literatura gris, y artículos recientes (desde abril 2018), sin restricciones respecto a la lengua; incluyendo sus respectivas fechas de publicación. Además, se seleccionaron estudios clínicos epidemiológicos que trabajaban sobre datos de PD entre fumadores que estaban bajo TMP, en comparación con grupos de control de no fumadores. La calidad metodológica se evaluó usando la Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. Se realizó un metaanálisis, así como tests de heterogeneidad I2 y sensibilidad. La evidencia de calidad fue evaluada usando GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Se incluyeron once trabajos en la revisión sistemática (cuatro de caso-control y siete estudios de cohortes). Diez de los once estudios concluyeron que fumar era un factor de riesgo importante para la ocurrencia de PD. Los metaanálisis de cuatro de los estudios de cohorte descubrieron que los fumadores tenían 3,24 veces más la oportunidad de sufrir PD, en comparación con los no fumadores TMP (IC95%: 1,33-7,90). En general, el riesgo de sesgo en los estudios fue bajo. La calidad de la evidencia científica respaldó moderadamente que los fumadores bajo TMP contaban con más oportunidad de PD que los no fumadores.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Smoking , Tooth Loss , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Conflicting data about the protocol of choice for non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjuvant use are still reported. This study aims to evaluate, through clinical and microbiologic parameters, the systemic use of azithromycin (AZ) and chlorhexidine (CHX) as adjuvants to non-surgical periodontal treatment performed by one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD) within 24 hours or conventional quadrant scaling (QS) in four weekly sections. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 85 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent different treatment protocols, in six groups: three FMD groups and three QS groups, each with no adjuvants, with CHX, and with AZ. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and total and quantitative bacterial counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus oralis were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and 90 and 180 days after treatment. RESULTS: In all groups, a significant reduction was observed in the percentage of periodontal diseased sites, gingival index, plaque index, and clinical attachment level gain at 90 days, demonstrating effectiveness of the treatment, independently of the adjuvant. The FMD with CHX group showed higher reduction in probing depth and percentage of periodontal diseases sites, as well as lower total bacterial count, than all the other groups at 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: The adjuvant use of AZ did not provide any significant benefit, independently of the treatment protocol. The adjuvant use of CHX showed a more expressive and significant improvement in clinical and microbiologic parameters, especially in the FMD protocol, followed by QS.
Subject(s)
Dental Scaling , Disinfection , Root Planing , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/drug therapyABSTRACT
Avaliou-se quantitativamente o número de células de Langerhans (CL) no epitélio das bolsas periodontais de pacientes portadores de periodontites de início precose (PIP) e periodontite do adulto, após a terapia causal, através da expressäo imunohistoquímica da proteína S-100 e do antígeno HLA-DR. Para a identificaçäo desses antígenos, utilizou-se o método da streptavidina biotina-peroxidase. Os resultados mostraram maior número de células HLA-DR e S-100 positivas no epitélio das bolsas de pacientes portadores de PIP do que PA (p-0,05), demonstrando, portanto, o aumento do número de CL nas PIP. O número de células inflamatórias nas PIP e PA näo foi estatisticamente diferente (p+0,05)
