Sexual health and access to services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil. / Saúde sexual e acesso aos serviços para mulheres lésbicas em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

This study aims to understand the meanings related to sexual health and the delineations that define the experience of accessing health services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil. This study followed a qualitative approach, counting on the participation of ten women who self-reported themselves as lesbians. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and their analyses occurred through three thematic axes. The first addressed the representations concerning prevention and sexual practices, highlighting the notion of fidelity in the relationship as a "protective factor". Difficulties in the use of condoms in relationships between two women were reported. The second discussed heteronormativity and its effects on self-care, reporting the participants' difficulties in being understood and welcomed by health services. The third addressed the search for one's own knowledge as a care tactic, highlighting the importance of information and autonomy for health promotion and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). It can therefore be concluded that there is a need for public policies aimed at promoting the sexual health of lesbian women and the recognition of their specificities by health services.

O estudo tem por objetivo compreender os significados relacionados à saúde sexual e os contornos que definem a experiência de acesso aos serviços de saúde para mulheres lésbicas de Manaus, Amazonas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Contou com a participação de dez mulheres que se autoidentificaram como lésbicas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e suas análises ocorreram por meio de três eixos temáticos. O primeiro abordou as representações sobre prevenção e práticas sexuais, destacando a noção de fidelidade no relacionamento como "fator de proteção". Foram relatadas dificuldades no uso de preservativos em relações entre duas mulheres. O segundo discutiu a heteronormatividade e seus efeitos no cuidado de si, relatando as dificuldades de as participantes serem compreendidas e acolhidas pelos serviços de saúde. O terceiro abordou a busca do próprio conhecimento como tática de cuidado, destacando a importância da informação e da autonomia para a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para a promoção da saúde sexual de mulheres lésbicas e o reconhecimento de suas especificidades pelos serviços de saúde.

The histamine H4 receptor antagonist 1-[(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-piperazine(LINS01007) prevents the development of DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with growing incidence worldwide. Our group reported the compound 5-choro-1-[(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine (LINS01007) as H4R antagonist (pKi 6.2) and therefore the effects and pharmacological efficacy on a DSS-induced mice model of UC were assessed in this work. Experimental acute colitis was induced in male BALB/c mice (n = 5-10) by administering 3 % DSS in the drinking water for six days. The test compound LINS01007 was administered daily i.p. (5 mg/kg) and compared to control group without treatment. Body weight, water and food consumption, and the presence of fecal blood were monitored during 7-day treatment period. The levels of inflammatory markers (PGE2, COX-2, IL-6, NF-κB and STAT3) were also analyzed. Animals subjected to the acute colitis protocol showed a reduction in water and food intake from the fourth day (p < 0.05) and these events were prevented by LINS01007. Histological signs of edema, hyperplasia and disorganized intestinal crypts, as well as neutrophilic infiltrations, were found in control mice while these findings were significantly reduced in animals treated with LINS01007. Significant reductions in the levels of PGE2, COX-2, IL-6, NF-κB and STAT3 were observed in the serum and tissue of treated animals. The results demonstrated the significant effects of LINS01007 against DSS-induced colitis, highlighting the potential of H4R antagonism as promising treatment for this condition.

Differences in the Behavioral Parameters of Young Zebu and Composite Bulls Kept on Non-Forested or in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems.

The behavior of ruminants can influence their productive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of young zebu and composite bulls kept in pasture production systems, either in a crop-livestock-forest integration or without afforestation. The work was carried out in São Carlos, Brazil (21°57'42″ S, 47°50'28″ W), in a high-altitude tropical climate, from March to July, 2022. Forty young bulls were evaluated, being 20 Nelore (Bos indicus) (342.5 ± 36.6 kg BW; 16.9 ± 1.8 months) and 20 Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus × 3/8 Bos indicus) (338.4 ± 39.8 kg BW; 19.1 ± 1.9 months), equally distributed in full-sun (FS) and integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) production systems. Behavior was monitored uninterruptedly by an acoustic sensor and accelerometer attached to a collar, and complemented by direct visual assessment, in two one-day campaigns per month. Serum cortisol concentration was assessed monthly. Statistical analyses were conducted using a general linear model at a 5% significance level (SAS, version 9.4). The ICLF system had a milder microclimate and favored thermal comfort. Natural shading influenced grazing, resting, and rumination time. The Canchim bulls were more active when moving and grazing (p < 0.05), even at the hottest times of the day. In turn, the Nelore bulls spent more time resting at all times (p < 0.001), which was shown to be an adaptive strategy in response to environmental stimuli. The Canchim bulls had a longer rumination time than the Nelore bulls (p < 0.001), due to their longer grazing time. The frequency of water and mineral mixture intake did not differ between genotypes, regardless of the production system (p > 0.05). There was no difference in the serum cortisol concentrations of the Nelore and Canchim bulls kept in FS or ICLF (p = 0.082). Thus, young bulls of the different genotypes showed different behaviors, regardless of whether they were kept on pasture without afforestation or in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system.

Saúde sexual e acesso aos serviços para mulheres lésbicas em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil / Sexual health and access to services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo compreender os significados relacionados à saúde sexual e os contornos que definem a experiência de acesso aos serviços de saúde para mulheres lésbicas de Manaus, Amazonas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Contou com a participação de dez mulheres que se autoidentificaram como lésbicas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e suas análises ocorreram por meio de três eixos temáticos. O primeiro abordou as representações sobre prevenção e práticas sexuais, destacando a noção de fidelidade no relacionamento como "fator de proteção". Foram relatadas dificuldades no uso de preservativos em relações entre duas mulheres. O segundo discutiu a heteronormatividade e seus efeitos no cuidado de si, relatando as dificuldades de as participantes serem compreendidas e acolhidas pelos serviços de saúde. O terceiro abordou a busca do próprio conhecimento como tática de cuidado, destacando a importância da informação e da autonomia para a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para a promoção da saúde sexual de mulheres lésbicas e o reconhecimento de suas especificidades pelos serviços de saúde.

Abstract This study aims to understand the meanings related to sexual health and the delineations that define the experience of accessing health services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil. This study followed a qualitative approach, counting on the participation of ten women who self-reported themselves as lesbians. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and their analyses occurred through three thematic axes. The first addressed the representations concerning prevention and sexual practices, highlighting the notion of fidelity in the relationship as a "protective factor". Difficulties in the use of condoms in relationships between two women were reported. The second discussed heteronormativity and its effects on self-care, reporting the participants' difficulties in being understood and welcomed by health services. The third addressed the search for one's own knowledge as a care tactic, highlighting the importance of information and autonomy for health promotion and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). It can therefore be concluded that there is a need for public policies aimed at promoting the sexual health of lesbian women and the recognition of their specificities by health services.

Intrauterine food restriction impairs the lipogenesis process in the mesenteric adipocytes from low-birth-weight rats into adulthood.

Background: Intrauterine food restriction (IFR) during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW) and obesity in adulthood. It is known that white adipose tissue (WAT) plays critical metabolic and endocrine functions; however, this tissue's behavior before weight gain and obesity into adulthood is poorly studied. Thus, we evaluated the repercussions of IFR on the lipogenesis and lipolysis processes in the offspring and described the effects on WAT inflammatory cytokine production and secretion. Methods: We induced IFR by providing gestating rats with 50% of the necessary chow daily amount during all gestational periods. After birth, we monitored the offspring for 12 weeks. The capacity of isolated fat cells from mesenteric white adipose tissue (meWAT) to perform lipogenesis (14C-labeled glucose incorporation into lipids) and lipolysis (with or without isoproterenol) was assessed. The expression levels of genes linked to these processes were measured by real-time PCR. In parallel, Multiplex assays were conducted to analyze pro-inflammatory markers, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, in the meWAT. Results: Twelve-week-old LBW rats presented elevated serum triacylglycerol (TAG) content and attenuated lipogenesis and lipolysis compared to control animals. Inflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the meWAT of LBW rats, evidenced by augmented secretion by adipocytes and upregulated gene and protein expression by the tissue. However, there were no significant alterations in the serum cytokines content from the LBW group. Additionally, liver weight, TAG content in the hepatocytes and serum glucocorticoid levels were increased in the LBW group. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that IFR throughout pregnancy yields LBW offspring characterized by inhibited lipogenesis and lipolysis and reduced meWAT lipid storage at 12 weeks. The increased serum TAG content may contribute to the augmented synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory markers detected in the LBW group.

Intrauterine growth restriction leads to a high-corticosterone producing offspring: An implication for pulmonary infection susceptibility.

AIMS: Although intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs immune system homeostasis and lung development, its relationship with the susceptibility to pulmonary infections remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of IUGR on acute lung inflammatory response induced by bacterial stimulus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were subjected to 50% caloric-protein food restriction during gestation. To mimic bacterial lung infection, adult male offspring (12 weeks old) were challenged with a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasal instillation, and 6 h later, we assessed the acute inflammatory response. Normal birth weight (NBW) animals represent the control group. KEY FINDINGS: LPS instillation increased the protein levels in the airways of both the NBW and low birth weight (LBW) groups, indicating vascular leakage. LBW animals exhibited a lower number of neutrophils, reduced production of interleukin-6 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 and decreased upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in lung tissues. Further analysis revealed that the LBW group produced lower levels of prostaglandin-E2 and failed to secrete leukotriene-B4 upon LPS stimulation, which correlated with impaired cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase expression. These results were probably associated with their inability to upregulate the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and downstream signaling proteins, such as nuclear factor kappa-B, in the lungs. The LBW group also exhibited abnormal airway thickening and high corticosterone levels under basal conditions. SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that IUGR-induced foetal programming in LBW offspring threatens HPA axis physiology and corticosterone biodisponibility, and impairs the innate response to bacterial antigens, increasing future susceptibility to pulmonary infection.

Effect of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on the spermatic parameters of Wistar rats submitted or not to testicular heat shock.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the spermatic parameters of Wistar rats, submitted or not to testicular heat shock (HS). For this, 48 animals were treated according to the experimental groups (G1: not exposed to HS and untreated; G2: exposed to HS and untreated; G3: not exposed to HS and treated with GTE; G4: exposed to HS and treated with GTE). Subgroups of rats were euthanized on days 15, 30, and 60 to recover the spermatozoa. The total motility (TM), vigor, spermatic morphology and concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity (ACi) were analyzed. The TM was higher in G1 and G3 than in G2 and G4 on day 30, and higher in G4 on day 60. The overall means of TM and vigor were higher in G1 and G3 than in G2 and G4, as well as TM on day 60. For the morphology, G2 and G4 were lower than G1 and G3 on day 15, and G4 was lower than G1 and G3 on day 30. Moreover, in G1 and G3 morphology was higher on days 15 and 30, and in G4 it was lower on day 30, with the overall means being higher in G1 and G3 than in G2 and G4, as well as on days 15 and 60 compared to day 30. The overall mean of ACi, on day 30, was lower than on days 15 and 60 for all the groups. Therefore, HS is shown to be widely deleterious to the gametes, and the daily administration of 100 mg/kg green tea extract does not improve the spermatic parameters of Wistar rats, submitted or not to testicular HS, although it leads to better recovery of spermatic motility and morphology at 60 days.

Traumatismo cranioencefálico pediátrico no pronto atendimento: estudo dos critérios para realização de tomografia / Pediatric cranioencephalic traumatism in the emergency care unit: study of the criteria for tomography

Objetivo: Avaliar a indicação de tomografia computadorizada de crânio em crianças que se apresentam no pronto socorro pediátrico de um hospital de atendimento terciário em Curitiba após traumatismo cranioencefálico. Método: Revisão de prontuários. Resultados: Foram analisados 196 indivíduos, 60% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 4,4±4,1 anos. Tomografia de crânio foi realizada em 164 (84%), sendo que 147 (90%) não apresentaram alterações no exame. A probabilidade de ser submetido à tomografia não foi significativamente influenciada pelas manifestações clínicas, mecanismo do trauma e idade. A realização do exame foi menos incidente nos casos em que o trauma foi localizado na região frontal. Conclusão: Tomografia de crânio é realizada em uma proporção alta de crianças que chegam à emergência com traumatismo cranioencefálico e apresenta alterações em alguns casos. Sugere-se que em casos de traumatismo leve e exclusivamente frontal, observação clínica e atenção à história e exame físico podem ser suficientes

Objective: To evaluate the indication of computed tomography of the skull in children admitted to the pediatric emergency room of a tertiary care hospital in Curitiba after traumatic brain injury. Method: Revision of medical records. Results: A total of 196 subjects, 60% male, with a mean age of 4.4 ± 4.1 years, were analyzed. Skull tomography was performed in 164 (84%), and 147 (90%) had no abnormalities in the exam. The probability of being submitted to tomography was not significantly influenced by clinical manifestations, mechanism of trauma and age. Request for the examination was significantly less incident when the trauma was on the frontal region. Conclusion: Skull tomography is performed in a high proportion of children who arrive at the emergency room with traumatic brain injury, whereas it is only altered in some cases. It is suggested that in cases of mild and exclusively frontal trauma, clinical observation and physical examination may be sufficient

Intrauterine Malnutrition Reduced Long Leptin Receptor Isoform Expression and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Male Rat Pulmonary Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We have previously shown that low birth weight (LBW) rats exposed to intrauterine malnutrition have an impaired lung inflammatory response and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators; however, circulating leptin levels were not increased. We evaluated long leptin receptor isoform (ObRb) expression in lung endothelial cells from low birth weight rats and examined its role in the production of lipid mediators and cytokines. METHODS: Lung endothelial cells were obtained from normal birth weight (NBW) rats or LBW rats subjected to intrauterine malnutrition. These cells were stimulated with leptin (10 ng/mL), LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 1 µg/mL), or leptin plus LPS. Six hours after stimulation, the production of inflammatory mediators (PGE2, LTB4, IL-1ß, and IL-6) was evaluated using commercial ELISA kits, and Western blotting was performed to investigate p38MAPK, NF-κB, and ObRb expression. RESULTS: Leptin increased IL-1ß levels in only cells from the NBW group, whereas LPS increased PGE2 and LTB4 levels in cells from both groups; leptin addition potentiated lipid mediator production induced by LPS in the NBW group. LPS enhanced the production of IL-1ß and IL-6 in only endothelial cells from NBW rats. Leptin receptor expression was decreased (63%) in endothelial cells from LBW rats. None of the stimuli increased NF-κB or p38 signaling pathway expression in cells from LBW rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that intrauterine malnutrition compromises leptin receptor expression and cytokine production in pulmonary endothelial cells stimulated by LPS; these effects seem to involve the NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways.

Qualidade de vida em tratamento de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico com antimaláricos / Quality of life in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with antimalarials

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o bem-estar global de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico é afetado pelo uso de antimaláricos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal observacional analítico, realizado com 118 indivíduos do sexo feminino, sendo que 51 faziam uso de antimaláricos por, no mínimo, 2 anos (Grupo 1), 17 não utilizavam esse método terapêutico (Grupo 2) e 50 não tinham lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (Grupo 3). Dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e sorológicos das pacientes lúpicas foram obtidos por meio da análise de prontuários médicos, e a qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2). RESULTADOS: O uso de antimaláricos foi associado à menor ocorrência de psicose e lesões renais, apesar de levar a uma frequência maior de convulsões. Quanto à percepção individual da qualidade de vida, não houve diferença significativa entre os três grupos. Porém, quando considerado o tabagismo entre as usuárias de antimaláricos, o SF-12v2 de saúde mental de fumantes foi menor do que de não fumantes. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes lúpicas em uso de antimaláricos tiveram menor incidência de psicose e glomerulonefrite, mas não houve diferença significativa em relação à qualidade de vida e ao uso de antimaláricos, com exceção de fumantes em uso da medicação, que tiveram escore do SF-12v2 de saúde mental menor do que não fumantes em uso da mesma medicação.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether global quality of life of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients is affected by the use of antimalarials. METHODS: This is an observational, analytical cross-sectional study carried out with 118 female individuals, of whom 51 have been on antimalarials for at least 2 years (group 1), 17 were not using this therapy (group 2), and 50 did not have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (group 3). Epidemiological, clinical and serological data of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients were obtained through the review of medical records, and quality of life was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. RESULTS: Antimalarial use was associated with a lower occurrence of psychosis and renal lesions, although it led to a higher prevalence of seizures. Regarding the individual perception of quality of life, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups. However, when smoking habits were considered among antimalarial users, mental health score in the SF-12 was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus female patients using antimalarials had a lower incidence of psychosis and glomerulonephritis, but no significant differences were found regarding antimalarial use and quality of life, except for the group of smokers using antimalarials, who had lower mental scores in the SF-12 than non-smokers using the same medication.(AU)

Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome: which mechanisms are involved? / Estresse oxidativo na fisiopatologia da síndrome metabólica: quais mecanismos estão envolvidos?

ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Several studies report that oxidative condition caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the development of MS. Our body has natural antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress, which consists of numerous endogenous and exogenous components and antioxidants enzymes that are able to inactivate ROS. The main antioxidant defense enzymes that contribute to reduce oxidative stress are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) is also associated with oxidative stress because it presents antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. HDL-c antioxidant activity may be attributed at least in part, to serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Furthermore, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) also stand out as acting in cardiovascular disease and diabetes, by the imbalance in ROS production, and close relationship with inflammation. Recent reports have indicated the gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a promising biomarker for diagnosis of MS, because it is related to oxidative stress, since it plays an important role in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione. Based on this, several studies have searched for better markers for oxidative stress involved in development of MS.

RESUMOA síndrome metabólica (SM) representa uma conjunção de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos, incluindo obesidade, hiperglicemia, hipertrigliceridemia, dislipidemia e hipertensão. Vários estudos reportam que a condição oxidativa causada pela superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) desempenha importante papel no desenvolvimento da SM. Nosso organismo apresenta sistema antioxidante natural para diminuir o estresse oxidativo, o qual consiste em numerosos componentes endógenos e exógenos e enzimas antioxidantes que são capazes de inativar as EROs. As principais enzimas de defesa antioxidante que contribuem para o processo de redução do estresse oxidativo são a superóxido dismutase (SOD), a catalase (CAT) e a glutationa peroxidase (GPx). O colesterol associado à lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) também está relacionado com o estresse oxidativo por apresentar propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias. A atividade antioxidante do HDL-c pode ser atribuída, pelo menos em parte, à atividade da paraoxonase 1 (PON1) sérica. Além disso, os metabólitos derivados de oxigênio reativo (d-ROMs) também se destacam como atuantes nas doenças cardiovasculares e no diabetes, pelo desequilíbrio na produção de EROs, tendo relação importante com a inflamação. Relatos recentes vêm apontando a gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) como biomarcador promissor para diagnóstico da SM, pois esta se associa ao estresse oxidativo, uma vez que desempenha papel relevante no metabolismo extracelular de glutationa. Com base nisso, vários estudos vêm buscando melhores marcadores do estresse oxidativo e sua relação com o desenvolvimento da SM.

Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties.

The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides.

Serviço de tratamento assistido: percepção dos usuários sobre a consulta de enfermagem e verificação dos principais efeitos colaterais durante a terapia do HCV no ambulatório do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas / Service assisted treatment: perceptions of users about the nursing consultation and verification of the major side effects during HCV therapy in the ambulatory of the Emilio Ribas Infectology Institute

O tratamento para a hepatite C, devido sua importância, tem se tornado uma grande ferramenta da Saúde Pública, devido os benefícios trazidos para a sociedade e paciente, como a melhora da função hepática, redução das formas graves da doença, aumento da expectativa de vida, melhora da qualidade de vida e diminuição do risco da transmissão da doença. Ele deve ser realizado em um Serviço de Tratamento Assistido (STA), onde, antes de iniciar o tratamento, o paciente deverá passar em Consulta de Enfermagem realizada por enfermeiro. Essa etapa é muito importante para o paciente e para o profissional, pois com isso, o enfermeiro tem a oportunidade de criar um vínculo com o paciente, esclarecer suas dúvidas e promover medidas para adesão ao tratamento. Objetivos: Levantar os dados demográficos da população estudada; verificar se ocorreu a Consulta de Enfermagem antes do início do Serviço de Tratamento Assistido e avaliar os itens que a contemplam, utilizando ótimo, bom, ruim ou não realizado; conhecer os principais efeitos colaterais, de acordo com o sexo; observar quais eram as categorias profissionais que encaminhavam o paciente para a realização da Consulta de Enfermagem; saber qual era o conhecimento do paciente sobre a sua medicação e o seu possível tempo de tratamento; verificar a avaliação final dos pacientes sobre a Consulta de Enfermagem e saber suas sugestões para complemento da assistência. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, com pesquisa de campo exploratória e analítica, com abordagem quantitativa e, um levantamento bibliográfico. O estudo foi realizado no Ambulatório do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), Hospital Público, localizado na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. A população pesquisada foi constituída por 80 pacientes que participavam do Serviço de Tratamento Assistido, no Ambulatório do IIER, às sextas- feiras, no período de 01 de setembro a 31 de outubro de 2011. Resultado: O número de pacientes do sexo masculino foi de 56,5% e a faixa etária com maior prevalência foi de > 45 < 55 anos de idade para ambos os sexos totalizando 21,25%. O principal efeito colateral foi a febre no sexo masculino, com 77,7% e, no sexo feminino a cefaléia, com 57,1%. Dos pacientes que saíram da Consulta de Enfermagem 82,25% sabiam qual era o tempo do seu tratamento e 68,5% sabiam qual era o tipo de medicação, da qual faziam uso. Os auxiliares de enfermagem encaminhavam os pacientes para o enfermeiro em 68,75% dos casos. A Consulta de enfermagem na percepção dos pacientes foi avaliada com nota 10, com 48,75%. Conclusão: Existem diferenças entre os sexos em relação aos efeitos colaterais, porém, não existe esta diferença em relação a faixa etária. Os pacientes estão satisfeitos com a Consulta de Enfermagem realizada no ambulatório do IIER e os profissionais que a realizam estão promovendo a adesão ao tratamento, informando os pacientes de maneira adequada e completa e, realizando assim, uma assistência de qualidade

Adolescentes de classe média do ensino fundamental: prática e conhecimento da sexualidade / Middle class primary level school adolescents: sexual practice and knowledge

Objetivo: investigar os conhecimentos e as práticas sexuaisde adolescentes escolares de nível fundamental e de classe média. Casuística e métodos: foi aplicado um questionário auto-responsivo, anônimo, a 103 alunos da quinta à oitava série do ensino fundamental...

Objective: to investigate middle class students'sexual knowledge and practices in the basic school. Casuistic and methods: anonymous auto-responsive questionnaire was applied to 103 students, from the fifth to eight

Fatores de risco e de proteção na rede de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual / Risk and protective factors in the resource network for children and adolescences victims of sexual violence

A violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é um problema de saúde pública, caracterizado por uma dinâmica complexa, que envolve aspectos psicológicos, sociais e legais, exigindo a intervenção coordenada de diferentes instituições. Este estudo apresenta o mapeamento de fatores de risco e de proteção na rede de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual identificados nos processos jurídicos do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil por violência sexual, no período entre 1992 e 1998. A análise de 71 expedientes apresenta as intervenções realizadas pelas instituições que compuseram a rede. Os resultados apontaram a dificuldade dos órgãos de proteção intervirem efetivamente nos casos. Verificou-se a falta de comunicação entre as instituições para articular as medidas de proteção necessárias e acompanhar seu cumprimento. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de capacitar a rede de atendimento, visando a compreensão real dos casos, bem como a condução de intervenções adequadas.

Sexual violence against children and adolescences is a public health concern, characterized by a complex dynamics, which involves psychological, social and legal aspects, demanding the coordinated intervention of different institutions. This study presents the mapping of risk and protective factors in resource network for children and adolescences victims of sexual violence, who were identified in the 1992-1998 judicial processes of the Ministério Público (District Attorney's Office) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis of 71 files present the interventions that were performed by the institutions that composed the network. The results pointed out the difficulty of the protection services to intervene in the cases. The lack of communication among the institutions to articulate the necessary protection measures and to follow-up on their implementation was verified. These results suggest the need to qualify the services of the network, seeking the real understanding of the cases, as well as performing appropriate interventions.

Fatores de risco e de proteção na rede de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual / Risk and protective factors in the resource network for children and adolescences victims of sexual violence

A violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é um problema de saúde pública, caracterizado por uma dinâmica complexa, que envolve aspectos psicológicos, sociais e legais, exigindo a intervenção coordenada de diferentes instituições. Este estudo apresenta o mapeamento de fatores de risco e de proteção na rede de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual identificados nos processos jurídicos do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil por violência sexual, no período entre 1992 e 1998. A análise de 71 expedientes apresenta as intervenções realizadas pelas instituições que compuseram a rede. Os resultados apontaram a dificuldade dos órgãos de proteção intervirem efetivamente nos casos. Verificou-se a falta de comunicação entre as instituições para articular as medidas de proteção necessárias e acompanhar seu cumprimento. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de capacitar a rede de atendimento, visando a compreensão real dos casos, bem como a condução de intervenções adequadas.(AU)

Sexual violence against children and adolescences is a public health concern, characterized by a complex dynamics, which involves psychological, social and legal aspects, demanding the coordinated intervention of different institutions. This study presents the mapping of risk and protective factors in resource network for children and adolescences victims of sexual violence, who were identified in the 1992-1998 judicial processes of the Ministério Público (District Attorney's Office) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis of 71 files present the interventions that were performed by the institutions that composed the network. The results pointed out the difficulty of the protection services to intervene in the cases. The lack of communication among the institutions to articulate the necessary protection measures and to follow-up on their implementation was verified. These results suggest the need to qualify the services of the network, seeking the real understanding of the cases, as well as performing appropriate interventions.(AU)

Abuso sexual infantil e dinâmica familiar: aspectos observados em processos jurídicos / Sexual abuse against children and family dynamics: juridical processes of a public prosecution service

O abuso sexual infantil é um problema de saúde pública, devido à elevada incidência epidemiológica e aos sérios prejuízos para o desenvolvimento das vítimas. A dinâmica desta forma de violência é complexa, envolvendo aspectos psicológicos, sociais e legais. Este estudo apresenta o mapeamento de fatores de risco para abuso sexual intrafamiliar identificados nos processos jurídicos do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil por violência sexual, no período entre 1992 e 1998. A análise de 71 expedientes apresenta o perfil das vítimas e a caracterização da violência sexual, dos agressores e das famílias. Os resultados apontaram que o desemprego, famílias reconstituídas, abuso de álcool e drogas, dificuldades econômicas e presença de outras formas de violência constituíram os principais fatores de risco associados ao abuso sexual. Tais resultados podem subsidiar ações preventivas e terapêuticas para situações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes.

The sexual abuse of children is a public health issue, due to the high epidemic incidence and to the serious damages for the victims development. The dynamic of this kind of violence is complex, involving psychological, social and legal aspects. This work maps the risk factors for intrafamiliar sexual abuse, identified in the juridical processes of the public prosecution service of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil, during the period between 1992 and 1998. The analysis of 71 files shows the victims profile and the characterization of the perpetrators, of the families and of sexual violence event. The results point that the unemployment, reconstituted families, alcohol and drug abuse, economical difficulties and other kinds of violence constituted the main risk factors associated to the sexual abuse. Such results can subsidize preventive and therapeutic actions against children and adolescents sexual violence.

Abuso sexual infantil e dinâmica familiar: aspectos observados em processos jurídicos / Sexual abuse against children and family dynamics: juridical processes of a public prosecution service

O abuso sexual infantil é um problema de saúde pública, devido à elevada incidência epidemiológica e aos sérios prejuízos para o desenvolvimento das vítimas. A dinâmica desta forma de violência é complexa, envolvendo aspectos psicológicos, sociais e legais. Este estudo apresenta o mapeamento de fatores de risco para abuso sexual intrafamiliar identificados nos processos jurídicos do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil por violência sexual, no período entre 1992 e 1998. A análise de 71 expedientes apresenta o perfil das vítimas e a caracterização da violência sexual, dos agressores e das famílias. Os resultados apontaram que o desemprego, famílias reconstituídas, abuso de álcool e drogas, dificuldades econômicas e presença de outras formas de violência constituíram os principais fatores de risco associados ao abuso sexual. Tais resultados podem subsidiar ações preventivas e terapêuticas para situações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes.(AU)

The sexual abuse of children is a public health issue, due to the high epidemic incidence and to the serious damages for the victims development. The dynamic of this kind of violence is complex, involving psychological, social and legal aspects. This work maps the risk factors for intrafamiliar sexual abuse, identified in the juridical processes of the public prosecution service of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil, during the period between 1992 and 1998. The analysis of 71 files shows the victims profile and the characterization of the perpetrators, of the families and of sexual violence event. The results point that the unemployment, reconstituted families, alcohol and drug abuse, economical difficulties and other kinds of violence constituted the main risk factors associated to the sexual abuse. Such results can subsidize preventive and therapeutic actions against children and adolescents sexual violence.(AU)