Fluid overload: clinical outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of fluid overload related to mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and evolution to discharge or death in critically ill children. Methods A retrospective study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for two years. Patients who required invasive ventilatory support and vasopressor and/or inotropic medications were considered critically ill. Results 70 patients were included. The mean age was 6.8 ± 6 years. There was a tolerable increase in fluid overload during hospitalization, with a median of 2.45% on the first day, 5.10% on the third day, and 8.39% on the tenth day. The median fluid overload on the third day among those patients in pressure support ventilation mode was 4.80% while the median of those who remained on controlled ventilation was 8.45% (p = 0.039). Statistical significance was observed in the correlations between fluid overload measurements on the first, third, and tenth days of hospitalization and the beginning of renal replacement therapy (p = 0.049) and between renal replacement therapy and death (p = 0.01). The median fluid overload was 7.50% in patients who died versus 4.90% in those who did not die on the third day of hospitalization (p = 0.064). There was no statistically significant association between death and the variables sex or age. Conclusions The fluid overload on the third day of hospitalization proved to be a determinant for the clinical outcomes of weaning from mechanical ventilation, initiation of renal replacement therapy, discharge from the intensive care unit, or death among these children.

Respiratory device-related pressure injuries in hospitalised adults: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main ventilatory support medical devices related to the occurrence of pressure injuries in hospitalised adults, as well as the most frequent anatomical localisations of these injuries. METHODS: The Integrative review was registered at Open Science Framework as per DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/P3NTZ. Two independent reviewers, in May 2022, searched the databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and CINAHL; no language or publication year restriction. The review question was: What are the ventilatory support medical devices that cause PIs in hospitalised adults more often? The terms for searching the database were: "adult," "noninvasive ventilation," "artificial respiration." and "pressure injury," and their synonyms. This review followed the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS: The final sample was 21 articles. Oxygen nasal catheters caused up to 40.7% of the pressure injuries by ventilatory support devices identified, all in the ears. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation oronasal masks presented an incidence of pressure injuries of 63.3%. The nasal bridge was the site most affected by this mask. The Set of Holders for Insight® endotracheal tubes was the device that caused the most pressure injuries, with an incidence of 75%, affecting lip commissure. Tracheostomy cannula accounted for 18.2% of the pressure injuries related to ventilatory support devices; all lesions were in the neck. CONCLUSION: The ventilatory support devices causing pressure injuries and the most affected sites were, respectively, nasal catheters, ears; masks, nasal bridge; endotracheal tubes, lip commissures; tracheostomy cannulas, neck. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Knowing which respiratory devices cause pressure injuries more often in hospitalised adults and which anatomical localisations are more likely to be affected is fundamental for adopting preventive measures and reducing the occurrence of this problem. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution because of the review.

Fluid overload: clinical outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of fluid overload related to mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and evolution to discharge or death in critically ill children. METHODS: A retrospective study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for two years. Patients who required invasive ventilatory support and vasopressor and/or inotropic medications were considered critically ill. RESULTS: 70 patients were included. The mean age was 6.8 ± 6 years. There was a tolerable increase in fluid overload during hospitalization, with a median of 2.45% on the first day, 5.10% on the third day, and 8.39% on the tenth day. The median fluid overload on the third day among those patients in pressure support ventilation mode was 4.80% while the median of those who remained on controlled ventilation was 8.45% (p = 0.039). Statistical significance was observed in the correlations between fluid overload measurements on the first, third, and tenth days of hospitalization and the beginning of renal replacement therapy (p = 0.049) and between renal replacement therapy and death (p = 0.01). The median fluid overload was 7.50% in patients who died versus 4.90% in those who did not die on the third day of hospitalization (p = 0.064). There was no statistically significant association between death and the variables sex or age. CONCLUSIONS: The fluid overload on the third day of hospitalization proved to be a determinant for the clinical outcomes of weaning from mechanical ventilation, initiation of renal replacement therapy, discharge from the intensive care unit, or death among these children.

Maternidade em tempos de pandemia de Covid-19: o que nos revelam as mães atendidas em um hospital de referência / Maternidad en tiempos de pandemia de Covid-19: lo que nos revelan las madres atendidas en un hospital de referencia / Maternity in times of the Covid-19 pandemic: what mothers admitted in a reference hospital have to tell us

A pandemia de Covid-19 afetou todas as esferas da nossa vida. Mulheres no período perinatal têm necessidades únicas, demandando diretrizes de saúde e segurança devido aos riscos do isolamento social. Objetivou-se conhecer a vivência de mulheres na gestação ou puerpério no contexto da pandemia durante atendimento em hospital de referência. Estudo qualitativo pautado em referenciais da integralidade do cuidado e cotidiano. Participaram 18 mulheres, gestantes e puérperas. Três temas emergiram: repercussões na gestação e puerpério; repercussões na vida prática; e estratégias de enfrentamento criadas pelas mulheres. Os relatos desvelam diferentes repercussões da pandemia na vida das mulheres e de suas famílias, bem como estratégias e cuidados usados para mitigar os efeitos adversos. Sugere-se o direcionamento de medidas preventivas e políticas públicas que priorizem mulheres grávidas e puérperas, reconhecendo e acolhendo questões subjetivas envolvidas nesse momento na vida da mulher.(AU)

La pandemia de Covid-19 afectó todas las esferas de nuestra vida. Mujeres en el período perinatal tienen necesidades únicas, que demandan directrices de salud y seguridad con relación a los riesgos debido al aislamiento social. El objetivo fue conocer la experiencia de mujeres en la gestación o el puerperio en el contexto de la pandemia durante su atención en un hospital de referencia. Estudio cualitativo pautado en factores referenciales de la integralidad del cuidado y del cotidiano. Participaron 18 mujeres, gestantes y puérperas. Surgieron tres temas: Repercusiones en la gestación y el puerperio, repercusiones en la vida práctica y estrategias de enfrentamiento creadas por las mujeres. Los relatos muestran diferentes repercusiones de la pandemia en la vida de las mujeres y sus familias, así como estrategias y cuidados usados para mitigar los efectos adversos. Se sugiere la dirección de medidas preventivas y políticas públicas para que se prioricen las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas, reconociendo y recogiendo cuestiones subjetivas presentes en ese momento en la vida de la mujer.(AU)

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of our lives. Women in the perinatal period have unique needs, demanding health and safety guidelines regarding the risks associated to social isolation. The objective was to know the women's experience during pregnancy or puerperium in the pandemic while being cared at a hospital. Qualitative study referenced on concepts of integrality of care and daily life. Eighteen pregnant and postpartum participated. Three themes emerged: Repercussions on pregnancy and puerperium, repercussions on practical life, and coping strategies created by women. The reports reveal different repercussions of the pandemic in the lives of women and their families, also the strategies and precautions used to mitigate its adverse effects. We suggest directing preventive measures and public health policies to prioritize pregnant and postpartum women, recognizing and embracing subjective issues involved at this moment in women's lives.(AU)

Generalist training and the professional practice option according to the student's perception / A formação generalista e a opção pelo exercício profissional segundo a percepção do estudante

Abstract: Introduction: Since the National Curricular Guidelines for the Medicine course were implemented, with emphasis on the training of professionals with a generalist profile, the factors that may contribute to the interest in professional practice are unknown. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perception of medical students regarding their generalist training and the factors that influence the desire for professional practice. Methodology: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of qualitative and explanatory character with 523 students from different medical courses in the city of Salvador-Bahia, who answered an online survey after signing the informed consent form. The sample was categorized into interest in Immediate Specialization (IS) and among those who intend to Act as a Generalist (AG). The age and period of the course were also categorized into groups. Results: The age of the sample was 18 to 25 years in 83.7% (n = 438), with 72.5% (n = 380) being female, attending 69% of the 4º to 9º semesters (n = 363). The Immediate Specialization group represented 27.2% (95% CI: 35% -73%) and the group that intends to Act as a Generalist, 72.8% (95% CI: 68% -76%). General training did not influence the option for professional practice with RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55-1.20) p = 0.308. The factors associated with AG were believing in the generalist's resolution capacity and SUS guidelines (p <0.001), the desire to contribute to society (p = 0.005) and society's credibility (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Students perceive that the curriculum includes general training, however it did not influence the interest in professional practice. The desire to act as a generalist is present in a significant number among them, driven by altruism and the desire to contribute to society, supported by the organic laws that underlie the SUS Guidelines, while not feeling valued and having its credibility, questioned by society, only stimulates professional practice on a temporary basis.

Resumo: Introdução: Desde que foram implantadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Medicina com ênfase à formação de profissionais com perfil generalista desconhece-se os fatores que podem contribuir com o interesse pelo exercício profissional. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo e analítico de caráter qualitativo explanatório com 523 acadêmicos dos diversos cursos de medicina da cidade de Salvador-Bahia, que responderam um questionário online após assinatura do TCLE. A amostra foi categorizada em interesse na Especialização Imediata (EI) e entre aqueles que pretendem Atuar como Generalistas (AG). A idade e o período do curso também foram categorizados em grupos. Resultados: A idade da amostra era de 18 a 25 anos em 83,7% (n=438), sendo 72,5% (n=380) do sexo feminino, cursando do 4º ao 9º semestre em 69% (n=363). O grupo Especialização Imediata representou 27,2% (IC95%: 35%-73%) e o grupo que pretende Atuar como Generalista, 72,8% (IC95%: 68%-76%). A formação generalista não influenciou a opção pelo exercício profissional com RR=0,81 (IC95%: 0,55-1,20) p=0,308. Os fatores associados a AG foram: pertencer a instituição pública (p=0,041) acreditar na capacidade de resolubilidade do generalista e nas diretrizes do SUS (p<0,001), o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade (p=0,005) e a credibilidade da sociedade (p=0,044). Conclusão: Os estudantes percebem que a grade curricular contempla a formação generalista, no entanto não influenciou o interesse pelo exercício profissional. O desejo de atuar como generalista está presente em um número expressivo entre eles, movido pelo altruísmo e o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade, respaldados pelas leis orgânicas que fundamentam as Diretrizes do SUS, ao mesmo tempo em que não se sentir valorizado e ter sua credibilidade questionada pela sociedade, estimulam ao exercício profissional apenas de modo temporário.

Generalist training and the professional practice option according to the student's perception

Desde que foram implantadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Medicina com ênfase à formação de profissionais com perfil generalista desconhece-se os fatores que podem contribuir com o interesse pelo exercício profissional. Estudo transversal descritivo e analítico de caráter qualitativo explanatório com 523 acadêmicos dos diversos cursos de medicina da cidade de Salvador-Bahia, que responderam um questionário online após assinatura do TCLE. A amostra foi categorizada em interesse na Especialização Imediata (EI) e entre aqueles que pretendem Atuar como Generalistas (AG). A idade e o período do curso também foram categorizados em grupos. A idade da amostra era de 18 a 25 anos em 83,7% (n=438), sendo 72,5% (n=380) do sexo feminino, cursando do 4º ao 9º semestre em 69% (n=363). O grupo Especialização Imediata representou 27,2% (IC95%: 35%-73%) e o grupo que pretende Atuar como Generalista, 72,8% (IC95%: 68%- 76%). A formação generalista não influenciou a opção pelo exercício profissional com RR=0,81 (IC95%: 0,55-1,20) p=0,308. Os fatores associados a AG foram: pertencer a instituição pública (p=0,041) acreditar na capacidade de resolubilidade do generalista e nas diretrizes do SUS (p<0,001), o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade (p=0,005) e a credibilidade da sociedade (p=0,044). Os estudantes percebem que a grade curricular contempla a formação generalista, no entanto não influenciou o interesse pelo exercício profissional. O desejo de atuar como generalista está presente em um número expressivo entre eles, movido pelo altruísmo e o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade, respaldados pelas leis orgânicas que fundamentam as Diretrizes do SUS, ao mesmo tempo em que não se sentir valorizado e ter sua credibilidade questionada pela sociedade, estimulam ao exercício profissional apenas de modo temporário

Since the National Curricular Guidelines for the Medicine course were implemented, with emphasis on the training of professionals with a generalist profile, the factors that may contribute to the interest in professional practice are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the perception of medical students regarding their generalist training and the factors that influence the desire for professional practice. Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of qualitative and explanatory character with 523 students from different medical courses in the city of Salvador-Bahia, who answered an online survey after signing the informed consent form. The sample was categorized into interest in Immediate Specialization (IS) and among those who intend to Act as a Generalist (AG). The age and period of the course were also categorized into groups. The age of the sample was 18 to 25 years in 83.7% (n = 438), with 72.5% (n = 380) being female, attending 69% of the 4º to 9º semesters (n = 363). The Immediate Specialization group represented 27.2% (95% CI: 35% -73%) and the group that intends to Act as a Generalist, 72.8% (95% CI: 68% -76%). General training did not influence the option for professional practice with RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55-1.20) p = 0.308. The factors associated with AG were believing in the generalist's resolution capacity and SUS guidelines (p <0.001), the desire to contribute to society (p = 0.005) and society's credibility (p = 0.044). Students perceive that the curriculum includes general training, however it did not influence the interest in professional practice. The desire to act as a generalist is present in a significant number among them, driven by altruism and the desire to contribute to society, supported by the organic laws that underlie the SUS Guidelines, while not feeling valued and having its credibility, questioned by society, only stimulates professional practice on a temporary basis.

Caracterização de iogurtes elaborados a partir do reaproveitamento de polpas de coco verde (Cocos nucifera L), in natura, oriundo de praias da cidade de São Luís – MA / Characterization of yogurts elaborated from of the reuse of green coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L), in natura, from the beachs in the city of São Luis – MA

A polpa de coco verde é bastante desvalorizada frente a água do coco e descartada, causando desperdício, colaborando com a poluição ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar fisico-químicamente polpas de coco verde "in natura" de duas praias de São Luís – MA, para elaboração de iogurtes, avaliando-se o potencial nutricional e teste de prateleira explorático deste produto elaborado. Os resultados obtidos para as polpas de coco verde, iogurtes elaborados com polpa de coco verde e testes exploráticos de prateleira, atenderam a legislação vigente (MAPA). Logo, os iogurtes elaborados apresentaram-se como boas fontes de nutriente, não deixando a desejar frente a outros iogurtes com polpas de frutas consolidados no mercado.

Nursing Care in Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map nursing care to the adult patient with Healthcare-Associated Infections admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: Scoping Review, conducted in January 2018, through the search of studies in national and international databases, journals, catalogs of theses and dissertations, and websites of Brazilian health institutions. We included full surveys published in the Portuguese, Spanish or English language; which had as object of study the researched subject, besides manuals and protocols. We analyzed the type of material, year, country, population, method, Level of Evidence, and nursing care. The final sample consisted of 33 publications. RESULTS: Among the nursing care to the patient, hand hygiene was identified, general care in nursing procedures, use of protocols, effective communication and periodic training. CONCLUSION: Identifying patient care with infection was important in order to list methods and reorient nursing activities.

Nursing Care in Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Scoping Review / Cuidado de enfermería en las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria: Scoping review / Cuidado de enfermagem nas Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde: Scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and map nursing care to the adult patient with Healthcare-Associated Infections admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Method: Scoping Review, conducted in January 2018, through the search of studies in national and international databases, journals, catalogs of theses and dissertations, and websites of Brazilian health institutions. We included full surveys published in the Portuguese, Spanish or English language; which had as object of study the researched subject, besides manuals and protocols. We analyzed the type of material, year, country, population, method, Level of Evidence, and nursing care. The final sample consisted of 33 publications. Results: Among the nursing care to the patient, hand hygiene was identified, general care in nursing procedures, use of protocols, effective communication and periodic training. Conclusion: Identifying patient care with infection was important in order to list methods and reorient nursing activities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y asignar los cuidados de enfermería al paciente adulto con Infecciones Relacionadas a la Asistencia a la Salud internado en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Método: Scoping Review, realizado en enero de 2018, mediante la búsqueda de estudios en bases de datos, revistas, catálogos de tesis y disertaciones nacionales e internacionales, además de sitios de instituciones brasileñas de salud. Esto incluye la investigación publicada en su totalidad en portugués, español o Inglés; que tenían como objeto de estudio la temática investigada, además de manuales y protocolos. Se analizó el tipo de material, año, país, población, método, Nivel de evidencia, y cuidados de enfermería. La muestra final fue de 33 publicaciones. Resultados: Entre los cuidados de enfermería al paciente, se identificó la higienización de las manos, cuidados generales en los procedimientos de enfermería, utilización de protocolos, comunicación efectiva y entrenamientos periódicos. Conclusión: Identificar los cuidados al paciente con infección fue importante para elencar métodos y reorientar las actividades de la Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e mapear os cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente adulto com Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: Scoping Review, realizado em janeiro de 2018, mediante busca de estudos em bases de dados, revistas, catálogos de teses e dissertações nacionais e internacionais, além de sites de instituições brasileiras de saúde. Incluem-se pesquisas publicadas na íntegra na língua portuguesa, espanhola ou inglesa; que tinham como objeto de estudo a temática investigada, além de manuais e protocolos. Analisou-se o tipo de material, ano, país, população, método, Nível de Evidência, e cuidados de enfermagem. A amostra final foi de 33 publicações. Resultados: Dentre os cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente, identificou-se a higienização das mãos, cuidados gerais nos procedimentos de enfermagem, utilização de protocolos, comunicação efetiva e treinamentos periódicos. Conclusão: Identificar os cuidados ao paciente com infecção foi importante para elencar métodos e reorientar as atividades da Enfermagem.

Articulação teoria/ prática na formação em saúde e a realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde / Articulating theory and practice in health education in face of the Unified Health System / Articulación teoría/ práctica en la formación en salud y la realidad del Sistema Único de Salud

O artigo teve como objetivo identificar as contribuições do Curso de Extensão Vivências e Estágios na Realidade doSistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no contexto da saúde coletiva para a formação em saúde/enfermagem. Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 18 estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que vivenciaram o projeto, noperíodo de 2006 a 2009. Os dados foram levantados, em 2010, por meio de grupo focal, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Uma das principais contribuições foi a mudança de visão ou de conduta perante o SUS, a partir da articulação ensino/serviço/comunidade, caráter interdisciplinar e estudantes como sujeitos ativos da aprendizagem. Concluiu-se que o curso é um modelo viável para despertar nos discentes o desejo de exercer seu papel profissional e político na equipe de saúde, de forma humana e cidadã, pautada na integralidade.

This article aimed at assessing the contributions of a continuing education course entitled Experience and Internshipunder the Unified Health System in the context of public health for formation in health and nursing. Qualitative research, conducted with 18 nursing students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, who took part in the project from 2006 to 2009. Data were collected in 2010 by means of focus groups and were then submitted to thematic content analysis. One of the major contributions related to changing perceptions or behavior towards the system, as a result of the articulation between its teaching–service-community reach, its interdisciplinary nature, and the participation of students as active learning subjects. Conclusions showed that the project is a viable model to motivate students into the exercise of their professional and political role in the health team in humane, comprehensive, and citizen-wise ways.

El artículo trató de identificar las contribuciones del Curso de Extensión Vivencias y Estadios en la Realidad del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en el contexto de la salud pública para la formación en salud/ enfermería. Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 18 estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte – Brasil, que experimentaron el proyecto, en el período comprendido entre 2006 y 2009. Los datos fueron recogidos, en 2010, mediante grupos de discusión, y sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Una contribución importante fue el cambio de visión o de comportamiento de lante del SUS, desde la enseñanza/ servicio/ comunidad, carácter interdisciplinario y estudiantes como sujetos activos del aprendizaje. Se concluyó que el curso es un modelo viable para despertar en los estudiantes el deseo de ejercer su papel profesional y político en el equipo de salud, de modo humano y ciudadano, basado en la integralidad.