Pregabalin produces similar effects as gabapentin for preanesthetic sedation in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of oral pregabalin versus gabapentin on sedation quality and anesthesia recovery times in cats in a typical perioperative setting. ANIMALS: 50 healthy cats with > 1 kg body weight presenting for elective surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, prospective clinical trial, cats presenting to the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were assigned to receive buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg IM followed by 1 of 2 oral sedation treatments: pregabalin 4 mg/kg or gabapentin 10 mg/kg. Cats were then anesthetized using a standardized protocol. Physical examination parameters and behavioral scores were measured by 2 treatment-blinded veterinarians to compare sedation levels before and after drug administration. Inadequate sedation for handling or IV catheter placement was addressed by dexmedetomidine administration. After surgery was completed, anesthesia recovery times and quality were assessed by the same veterinarians. The effects of pregabalin versus gabapentin on body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate were analyzed using Student t tests; behavioral assessments were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; and drug treatment effects on dexmedetomidine sedation rescue and frequency of delirium during anesthetic recovery were analyzed using Fisher exact tests. A P < .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in change of physiologic parameters or sedation scores before and after sedation between groups. The need for rescue sedation for IV catheter placement and the incidence of emergence delirium were infrequent and similar for both treatments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: At the doses studied, oral pregabalin and gabapentin produced indistinguishable effects as adjunctive perioperative sedation agents in cats.

The prevalence of occupational exposure to noise: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of individual experts. Evidence from mechanistic and human data suggests that occupational exposure to noise may cause cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of occupational exposure to noise for estimating (if feasible) the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from cardiovascular disease that are attributable to exposure to this risk factor, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the prevalence of occupational exposure to noise. DATA SOURCES: We searched electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and CISDOC. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines, and organizational websites; hand-searched reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA: We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economies in any WHO Member and/or ILO member State, but excluded children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We included all study types with an estimate of the prevalence of occupational exposure to noise, categorized into two levels: no (low) occupational exposure to noise (<85dBA) and any (high) occupational exposure to noise (≥85dBA). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. We combined prevalence estimates using random-effect meta-analysis. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the RoB-SPEO tool and QoE-SPEO approach developed specifically for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. RESULTS: Sixty-five studies (56 cross-sectional studies and nine cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 157,370 participants (15,369 females) across 28 countries and all six WHO regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific). For the main analyses, we prioritized the four included studies that surveyed national probability samples of general populations of workers over the 58 studies of workers in industrial sectors and/or occupations with relatively high occupational exposure to noise. The exposure was generally assessed with dosimetry, sound level meter, or official or company records; in the population-based studies, it was assessed with validated questions. Estimates of the prevalence of occupational exposure to noise are presented for all 65 included studies, by country, sex, 5-year age group, industrial sector, and occupation where feasible. The pooled prevalence of any (high) occupational exposure to noise (≥85dBA) among the general population of workers was 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.19, 4 studies, 108,256 participants, 38 countries, two WHO regions, I2 98%, low quality of evidence). Subgroup analyses showed that pooled prevalence differed substantially by WHO region, sex, industrial sector, and occupation. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that occupational exposure to noise is prevalent among general populations of workers. The current body of evidence is, however, of low quality, due to serious concerns for risk of bias and indirectness. Producing estimates of occupational exposure to noise nevertheless appears evidence-based, and the pooled effect estimates presented in this systematic review are suitable as input data for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates (if feasible). Protocol identifier: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.040 PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018092272.

WHO/ILO work-related burden of disease and injury: Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to occupational noise and of the effect of exposure to occupational noise on cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from cardiovascular disease attributable to exposure to occupational noise, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology. OBJECTIVES: We aim to systematically review studies on exposure to occupational noise (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of occupational noise on cardiovascular diseases (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework, conducting both systematic reviews in tandem and in a harmonized way. DATA SOURCES: Separately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CISDOC. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA: We will include working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. The eligible risk factor will be occupational noise. Eligible outcomes will be hypertensive heart disease, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, endocarditis and other circulatory diseases. For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of exposure to occupational noise (i.e., low: <85 dB(A) and high: ≥85 dB(A)) stratified by country, sex, age and industrial sector or occupation. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of high exposure to occupational noise on the prevalence of, incidence of or mortality due to cardiovascular disease, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e., low exposure). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018092272.

Predicting the necessity of adding catheters to intracavitary brachytherapy for women undergoing definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To identify if baseline patient or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features can predict which women are at risk for inadequate tumor coverage with only intracavitary tandem and ovoid (T + O) brachytherapy and to correlate tumor coverage with clinical outcomes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective study of 50 women with cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation at a single institution between January 2014 and December 2015. All patients had a 3T-MRI performed at baseline (MRI1) and at the completion of external beam radiation therapy (MRI2). Gross tumor volume initial (GTV-Tinit) was measured on MRI1 and high-risk clinical tissue volume (CTVHR) on MRI2. CTVHR extending beyond point A was classified as too large for adequate coverage with T + O and requiring interstitial needles. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictive factors of inadequate coverage. Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression were performed to correlate inadequate coverage with outcomes. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 49.2 ± 13.2 years, and 84% had Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics IIB/IIIB disease. Forty-two percent of women were estimated to have inadequate tumor coverage with T + O brachytherapy. The GTV-Tinit volume and dimensions (superior-inferior, left-right, anterior-posterior) on MRI1 were all important predictive factors of inadequate coverage on multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristics curves identified optimal thresholds of superior-inferior ≥ 4.5 cm (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.718), left-right ≥ 4.5 cm (AUC = 0.745), anterior-posterior ≥ 5.0 cm (AUC = 0.767), and GTV-Tinit ≥ 85 cm3 (AUC = 0.842). Patients with inadequate coverage had worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline MRI tumor size may predict inadequate CTVHR coverage at the time of brachytherapy (i.e., the need for interstitial needles). This may help identify a subset of women requiring early referral to adequately resourced centers to improve clinical outcomes.

A utilização do tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado na clínica de odontopediatria / Use of modified atraumatic restorative treatment in paediatric dentistry clinic

Apesar da redução dos índices epidemiológicos ao longo dos anos, a cárie dentária é uma doença que até hoje acomete populações do mundo inteiro, podendo causar infecção, dor e perda dentária prematura. O propósito desse trabalho foi relatar o caso clínico de uma criança portadora de múltiplas lesões extensas de cárie por meio da estruturação do tratamento em quatro fases, visando à promoção de saúde bucal. O tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado (ARTm) foi a técnica utilizada na reabilitação oral do paciente, o que proporcionou redução da ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico e maior colaboração por parte da criança, bem como melhora da qualidade de vida de toda a família envolvida.

Despite the reduction on epidemiological rates over the years, dental caries is a disease that still affects populations worldwide and causes infection, pain and premature tooth loss. The main purpose of this study was to report the clinical case of a child with multiple extensive carious lesions by using a four-step treatment organization, aimed at oral health promotion. The atraumatic restorative treatment modified (ARTm) was the technique that was applied at the pacient´s oral rehabilitation and was able to reduce the child´s anxiety and increase it´s colaboration during dental treatment, as well as improve the life quality levels of the whole family involved.

Oral Microbial Colonization in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess oral microbial colonization before and after the implementation of an oral hygiene protocol in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) using nonhospitalized healthy children as a control group. METHODS: Two groups were analyzed in this clinical study: Group G1 (dentate children admitted to the PICU); and Group G2 (nonhospitalized, healthy, dentate children). The G1 group underwent oral assessments before (G1i) and after (G1f) a three-day oral hygiene protocol using 0.12 percent chlorhexidine applied at 12-hour intervals. RESULTS: Several pathogenic bacteria were identified in group G1i, which was significantly higher than in group G2 (P<.001). There were significant differences between groups G1i and G1f regarding the presence of pathogenic bacteria (P<.001) and a tongue coat (P<.001). The G1f and G2 groups were comparable concerning the presence of pathogenic bacteria (P=.14). CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic bacteria were present in the oral cavity of almost all hospitalized children and were significantly decreased after an appropriate oral hygiene protocol was incorporated in their daily care. Therefore, regular oral hygiene protocols are warranted in PICUs.

Reabilitação, no domicílio, da pessoa com prótese total da anca / Rehabilitation, at home, of the person with total hip replacement

A pessoa com prótese total da anca (PTA), após alta hospitalar para o domicílio, depara-se com algumas dificuldades relacionadas com a sua capacidade para a realização das atividades de vida diárias (AVD) e com a mobilidade e equilíbrio que se encontram comprometidos devido à cirurgia recente. Assim, procuramos no nosso estudo avaliar o nível de dependência da pessoa para as AVD, a sua mobilidade e equilíbrio e a perceção que tem da qualidade de vida, no início da implementação do programa funcional de reabilitação e no final da implementação do mesmo, tendo este a duração de um mês. Procuramos analisar o efeito que este programa funcional de reabilitação tem nas variáveis anteriormente mencionadas. Verificamos ainda a natureza da relação das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas: idade, sexo, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), nível de dor e intervenção do enfermeiro de reabilitação no internamento com a capacidade da pessoa para a realização das AVD, com a mobilidade e equilíbrio e com a perceção de qualidade de vida da pessoa com PTA. Este estudo é de abordagem quantitativa do tipo quase-experimental e utilizaramse os seguintes instrumentos de colheita de dados: questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, Índice de Barthel, POMA I - Teste de Tinetti e Escala WHOQOL-bref. No tratamento de dados foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais. A amostra do estudo é constituída por 30 pessoas que tiveram alta dos serviços de Ortopedia para o domicílio, com PTA não cimentada e residentes no distrito de Viana do Castelo. Os principais resultados do estudo revelam que as pessoas apresentaram maior dependência funcional no início do programa de reabilitação, assim como a mobilidade e a perceção da qualidade de vida também eram mais baixas neste primeiro momento. Após implementação do programa de reabilitação constataram-se melhorias significativas no nível de independência funcional, na mobilidade e equilíbrio e na qualidade de vida.

The person with hip prosthesis after hospital discharge to their home, faces some difficulties associated with their hability to do some daily activities and whith their mobility and balance that are commited due to the recent surgery. Thereby, in our investigation, we aim to evaluate the person dependency level for the acomplishment of daily activities, their mobility and balance and their quality of life perception, in the begining of the rehabilitation program implementation and in the end of the implementation of it, with a running time of one month. We examined this rehabilitation program effect on these variables. We also verified the relation between the sociodemographic and clinical variables: age, body mass índex, gender, pain level and rehabilitation nurse intervention during the hospital stay, and the dependency level, mobility and balance and the quality of life perception of the person with hip prosthesis. This is a quasi-experimental study with quantitative approach, we used the following data collection tools: socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, Barthel índex, WHOQOL-bref scale and the Tinetti scale (POMA I). To do the data treatment we did descriptive and inferential analyses. The study samp le it's formed by 30 p ersons who had hosp ital discharge from de Orthopaedics units to their homes, with un-cemented total hip replacement and that live in the region of Viana do Castelo. The main results of this study reveal that the persons have bigger functional dependency at the begining of the rehabilitation program, as well as the mobility and the quality of life perception were lower at this moment. The rehabilitation program implementation brought profits in the functional dependency, mobility and balance and quality of life.

Efeito remineralizador da caseína fosfato de cálcio fosfopeptídeo amorfo em dentes decíduos e permanentes in vivo / Remineralizing effect of casein fosfopeptideo amorphous calcium phosphate in primary and permanent teeth in vivo

O presente estudo in vivo avaliou o efeito remineralizador da caseína fosfato de cálcio fosfopeptídeo amorfo (CPP-ACP) tooth mousse em lesões de mancha branca em dentes decíduos e permanentes. Dezoito crianças de 4 a 8 anos apresentaram 81 lesões de mancha branca, as quais foram divididas de maneira randômica. Estas foram tratadas com verniz de flúor 2,26% (controle) e CPP-ACP mousse (teste), duas vezes por semana, durante seis e quatro semanas, respectivamente. Um examinador cego avaliou as lesões de mancha branca no período inicial (T0) e após 3 (T1) e 12 (T2) semanas de tratamento. Os dados de índice de placa visível, índice de sangramento gengival, índice ICDAS foram coletados. Em adição, foram realizadas tomadas fotográficas das lesões em todos os períodos analisados. Os dados foram analisados por testes qui-quadrado e t de Student. Resultados não demonstraram diferença entre os grupos controle e teste durante os períodos, a partir do índice ICDAS (p>0,05). No entanto, a partir do mesmo índice, o grupo teste demonstrou diferença significante entre os períodos analisados (p<0,05). A área das manchas brancas, em pixels, dos grupos controle e teste não demonstrou diferença estatística de cada grupo, em qualquer dos períodos analisados (p>0,05). Dessa forma, concluiu- se que a terapia de remineralização de lesões de manchas brancas foi efetiva em ambos os grupos. No entanto, devido ao número amostral reduzido e o curto período de análise do presente estudo, são necessários maiores esclarecimentos em relação a este efeito.

This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization effects of CPP-ACP Tooth Mousse on white-spot lesion in primary and permanent teeth. Eighteen children (age from 4-8) exhibiting 81 white-spot lesions sites were randomly divided into two different treatments protocols: test group received applications of the remineralizing mousse twice a week for six weeks; control group received applications of a 2.26% fluoridated coating once a week for four weeks. A blind examiner evaluated the children at baseline, 3 and 12 weeks after the first visit, recorded visible plaque, gingival bleeding, ICDAS index and photographed the lesions. Data was analyzed with chi-square and Student t-test. According to ICDAS index, the control group was not statistically different from the treated group (p>0.05), in each time. However, results from treated group demonstrated that ICDAS index was statistically different from times (p<0.05). The area of the white spots (in pixels) of samples from control and treated groups were not statistically different from each group in any time (p>0.05). It was concluded that the remineralizing therapy of white spot lesions was efficient in the two groups. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size and the brief time for conducting the study, new research is necessary to increase the findings.

Caries Diagnosis in the Mixed Dentition Using ICDAS II

To assess the dental caries prevalence with ICDAS II in the mixed dentition, 40 children aged 7 to 11 years old, participating in a social program, whose parents and/or guardians signed a informed consent form.Material and Methods:Clinical examination was carried out after brushing. A single researcher performed the examination and the diagnosis consistency was obtained by Kappa coefficient in 12% of the sample. All dental surfaces were examined receiving a two-digit code. The first one refers to the presence of restoration/sealant and the second, the severity of carious lesions. The data was processed at SPSS software version 10.0 and analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation). Results:The coefficient intra-examiner agreement was 0,83.Caries prevalence was considered high because 100% of the children had some surface with non-cavitated caries lesion. ICDAS II can be easily transformed to dmf-s or DMF-S without compromising its integrity. For dmf-s/DMF-S decayed surfaces were consideredICDAS codes 3 to 6, resulting in a dmf-s = 6,57 where 11 children (27,5%) presented no decayed deciduous teeth surface. DMF-S = 2,0 showed that 15 children (37,5%) had none decayed permanent surface, determining a underestimation of the caries disease when using dmf-d/dmf-s and DMF-S indexes.Conclusion:A careful viewing of initial caries lesions makes ICDAS II usefull in evaluating the health promotion actions impact, supporting the planning process, implementation and evaluation of program activities...

Evaluation of therapeutic decision for treatment of carious lesions by dental students

Objective: to evaluate the therapeutic decision making for the academic of the last year of dentistry at the universities of the Distrito Federal, on dental caries in deciduous teeth and permanent young. Material and Methods: the evaluation was obtained through the application of a questionnaire containing a diagram representing five different stages of deep carious lesions on interproximal radiographs. Were selected through census of students enrolled last semester of each institution and concluded that the theoretical discipline of pediatric dentistry in accordance with the curriculum offered by the University. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi-square test the 5% level of significance. Results: we analyzed 132 questionnaires of which 30.3% of respondents opted for immediate restorative treatment for the injuries to deciduous teeth in the dentin-enamel junction to the permanent tooth, the percentage rose to 31.1%, revealing that there was similarity between universities about which strategy to use. Regarding caries removal there was a discrepancy in an institution compared the other in choosing the more invasive treatment (p = 0.0014). Conclusion: we see the need to implement teaching strategies for the training of a professional within the philosophy of minimum intervention.

Parâmetros hematológicos e alterações histopatológicas em bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose / Parameters hematological and histopathologic alterations in cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose

O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os parâmetros hematológicos e as alterações histopatológicas em bijupirás infectados por Amyloodinium ocellatum. Um grupo de 27 peixes foi anestesiado para coleta de amostras de sangue e eutanasiados para coleta de muco e fragmentos de tecido cutâneo e branquial. Foram avaliadas a prevalência e a intensidade parasitária da infecção, assim como os valores de parâmetros hematológicos e alterações histopatológicas. A prevalência parasitária nas brânquias foi de 100% e no muco foi de 80,8% e as intensidades parasitárias médias foram de 683,5 nas brânquias, e 67,1 no muco cutâneo. Os valores médios dos parâmetros hematológicos foram: eritrócitos 4,3x10(6)µL; VG 26%; VGM 64,2fL; proteína plasmática 5,8mg/dL; trombócitos 5,2 x10³/µL e leucócitos 3,6 x10³/µL. Além disso, foram verificadas hiperplasia do epitélio respiratório acompanhada de fusão lamelar, descolamento do epitélio, dilatação do seio venoso, formação de aneurisma, ruptura do epitélio lamelar, hemorragia, necrose, reação inflamatória linfocítica. O parasito foi observado nas lamelas branquiais, o VMA variou do grau discreto ao severo e o IAH foi de 76,8. A pesquisa assume importância por se tratar dos primeiros estudos em Rachycentron canadum, um peixe que se destaca com potencial ao cultivo.

The aim of this study was to describe the hematological parameters and histopathologic alterations in cobia infected by Amyloodinium ocellatum. A group of 27 fish were anesthetized to collect blood samples and euthanatized to collect mucus and tissue fragments of skin and gills. The prevalence and parasitic intensity of the infection, besides hematologic parameters and histopathologic alterations, was measured. Parasite prevalence in the gills was 100% and in the mucus 80.8%, and the average intensity of infection in gills and skin was 683.5 e 67.1 respectively. The mean values of hematological parameters were: erythrocytes 4.3x10(6)μL; PCV 26%, MCV 64.2 fL, plasma protein 5.8mg/dL, thrombocytes 5.2x10³/μL and leukocytes 3.6x10³/μL . Furthermore was found hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium accompanied by lamellar fusion, detachment of the epithelium, venous sinus dilatation, aneurysm formation and rupture of the lamellar epithelium, hemorrhage, necrosis and lymphocytic inflammatory reaction. The parasite was observed between the gills lamellae, the AMV ranged from mild to severe and AHI values were 76.8. The study assumes importance because it is the first study in Rachycentron canadum, a fish that stands out with potential for growing.

Expanded description of Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasitizing native and introduced fishes in Brazil.

An occurrence of the copepod Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944, parasitizing freshwater fishes in Brazil is presented, along with new morphological data. This crustacean was originally described parasitizing several cichlids in Africa. In the present study, the crustaceans were collected from the body surface and gills of two fish species native to Brazil [Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) and Cichla ocellaris Bloch and Schneider, 1801] and two introduced species [Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)]. The Brazilian specimens exhibited some morphometric intraspecies differences in relation to the specimens from Congo-Kinshasa and Egypt.

Expanded description of Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasitizing native and introduced fishes in Brazil / Descrição expandida de Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasita de peixes nativos e introduzidos no Brasil

An occurrence of the copepod Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944, parasitizing freshwater fishes in Brazil is presented, along with new morphological data. This crustacean was originally described parasitizing several cichlids in Africa. In the present study, the crustaceans were collected from the body surface and gills of two fish species native to Brazil [Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) and Cichla ocellaris Bloch and Schneider, 1801] and two introduced species [Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)]. The Brazilian specimens exhibited some morphometric intraspecies differences in relation to the specimens from Congo-Kinshasa and Egypt.

A ocorrência e novos dados morfológicos do copépode Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944 parasitando peixes dulcícolas no Brasil são apresentados. Este crustáceo foi originalmente descrito parasitando vários ciclídeos da África. No presente trabalho, os crustáceos foram coletados das brânquias e superfície do corpo dos peixes nativos do Brasil [Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) e Cichla ocellaris Bloch e Schneider, 1801 e duas espécies introduzidas Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) e Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)]. Os espécimes coletados no Brasil apresentaram algumas diferenças morfométricas intraespecíficas em relação aos espécimes do Congo-Kinshasa e Egito.

Prevalence of enamel defects and associated risk factors in both dentitions in preterm and full term born children.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects and their risk factors on primary and permanent dentitions of prematurely born children and full-term born children born at Regional Hospital of Asa Sul, Brasília, DF, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty 5-10-year-old children of both genders were examined, being 40 born prematurely (G1) and 40 born full term (G2). The demographic variables, medical history and oral health behaviors were retrieved using a questionnaire and data obtained from clinical examination were recorded. The teeth were examined and the presence of enamel defects was diagnosed according to the DDE Index and registered in odontograms. Subsequently, the defects were categorized in four groups according to one of the criteria proposed in 1992 by the FDI Commission on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Kappa, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 75% of total sample had enamel defects. There was a major prevalence of hypoplasia of the enamel in G1 (p<0.001). There was a significant relationship between low weight and presence of the imperfections on the enamel in G1 on the primary dentition. The logistic regression model showed that the other risk factors such as monthly per capita family income, educational level, dietary and hygiene habits, fluoride exposure, trauma, and diseases were not associated with enamel defects and caries. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-term labor can be a predisposing factor for the presence of the enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition.

Prevalence of enamel defects and associated risk factors in both dentitions in preterm and full term born children

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects and their risk factors on primary and permanent dentitions of prematurely born children and full-term born children born at Regional Hospital of Asa Sul, Brasília, DF, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty 5-10-year-old children of both genders were examined, being 40 born prematurely (G1) and 40 born full term (G2). The demographic variables, medical history and oral health behaviors were retrieved using a questionnaire and data obtained from clinical examination were recorded. The teeth were examined and the presence of enamel defects was diagnosed according to the DDE Index and registered in odontograms. Subsequently, the defects were categorized in four groups according to one of the criteria proposed in 1992 by the FDI Commission on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Kappa, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 75% of total sample had enamel defects. There was a major prevalence of hypoplasia of the enamel in G1 (p<0.001). There was a significant relationship between low weight and presence of the imperfections on the enamel in G1 on the primary dentition. The logistic regression model showed that the other risk factors such as monthly per capita family income, educational level, dietary and hygiene habits, fluoride exposure, trauma, and diseases were not associated with enamel defects and caries. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-term labor can be a predisposing factor for the presence of the enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition.

Prevalence of dental caries and caries-related risk factors in premature and term children.

This study evaluated the prevalence of enamel defects and dental caries and their risk factors on primary and permanent dentitions of prematurely-born children and term children. Eighty children were examined, 40 born prematurely (G1) and 40 born term (G2), in the age group between 5 and 10 years. The demographic variables, medical history and oral health behaviors were recorded on a questionnaire. The teeth were examined for presence of deficiencies of the enamel and caries that were registered. The caries were registered, focusing on the indices dmft (decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth) and DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). The results showed that 75% of the total sample had enamel defects. The logistic regression model showed that other risk factors such as per capita family income, educational level, dietary and hygiene habits, fluoride exposure, trauma, and diseases had no correlation with enamel defects and caries. A smaller value of total DMFT (0.95) was found in the group of premature children in comparison to the term children (2.07) p = 0.0164. There was no difference concerning the permanent dentition between the two groups (p = 0.9926). One concludes that prematurity can't be a predisposing factor for the presence of dental caries.

Prevalence of dental caries and caries-related risk factors in premature and term children

This study evaluated the prevalence of enamel defects and dental caries and their risk factors on primary and permanent dentitions of prematurely-born children and term children. Eighty children were examined, 40 born prematurely (G1) and 40 born term (G2), in the age group between 5 and 10 years. The demographic variables, medical history and oral health behaviors were recorded on a questionnaire. The teeth were examined for presence of deficiencies of the enamel and caries that were registered. The caries were registered, focusing on the indices dmft (decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth) and DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). The results showed that 75 percent of the total sample had enamel defects. The logistic regression model showed that other risk factors such as per capita family income, educational level, dietary and hygiene habits, fluoride exposure, trauma, and diseases had no correlation with enamel defects and caries. A smaller value of total DMFT (0.95) was found in the group of premature children in comparison to the term children (2.07) p = 0.0164. There was no difference concerning the permanent dentition between the two groups (p = 0.9926). One concludes that prematurity can't be a predisposing factor for the presence of dental caries.

Can the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias be affected by different production systems?

This study compared the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias kept with swine dejects and tilapia from fee fishing fed commercial ration. A total of 360 fish were analyzed from August 2003 to July 2004 in a facility situated in Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. No significant difference was observed in both systems. The parasite fauna in both systems were slightly similar, with the presence of the following parasites: Trichodina magna and T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea); and Lamproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). Parasitological analyzes did not differ among fishes kept with swine dejects and in fee fishing with commercial diet (P >0.05). The total prevalence of trichodinids in the gills of fish kept with swine dejects was 1.7% as compared to the one kept in fee fishing with commercial diet (0.6%). The Monogenoidea prevalence and mean intensity in the gills and body of fish from fee fishing was 16.5% and 2.6, and compared to other system was 13.2% and 0.8, respectively. This study showed that low stocking density and low water temperature in that region were responsible for the maintenance of good health and lower parasitism rate.

Can the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias be affected by different production systems?

This study compared the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias kept with swine dejects and tilapia from fee fishing fed commercial ration. A total of 360 fish were analyzed from August 2003 to July 2004 in a facility situated in Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. No significant difference was observed in both systems. The parasite fauna in both systems were slightly similar, with the presence of the following parasites: Trichodina magna and T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea); and Lamproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). Parasitological analyzes did not differ among fishes kept with swine dejects and in fee fishing with commercial diet (P >0.05). The total prevalence of trichodinids in the gills of fish kept with swine dejects was 1.7 percent as compared to the one kept in fee fishing with commercial diet (0.6 percent). The Monogenoidea prevalence and mean intensity in the gills and body of fish from fee fishing was 16.5 percent and 2.6, and compared to other system was 13.2 percent and 0.8, respectively. This study showed that low stocking density and low water temperature in that region were responsible for the maintenance of good health and lower parasitism rate.

Este estudo comparou a fauna parasitária de tilápia do Nilo mantida em consorciação com suínos e alimentada com ração comercial mantida em pesque-pague. Um total de 360 peixes foi analisado, entre agosto de 2003 ejulhode2004, em uma propriedade de Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois sistemas de cultivo. A fauna parasitária em ambos foi ligeiramente semelhante com a presença de Trichodina magna e T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus e Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea) e Laproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). A análise parasitológica não mostrou diferença entre os peixes dos dois sistemas. A prevalência total de tricodinídeos nas brânquias dos peixes mantidos com dejetos de suínos foi de 1,7 por cento quando comparada com os do pesque-pague de 0,6 por cento. A taxa de prevalência e a intensidade média de Monogenoidea nas brânquias dos peixes do pesque-pague foi de 16,5 por cento e 2,6, respectivamente comparada com os mantidos com suínos de 13,2 por cento e 0,8, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou que a baixa densidade de estocagem de peixes nesta propriedade e a baixa temperatura na região colaboraram para que a saúde dos animais fosse mantida e o nível de parasitismo baixo.