ABSTRACT
Eight therapeutic variants were worked out for 602 patients with esophageal cancer: 61 patients entered in the control group. The latter received routine radiation therapy. The results of therapy of 496 patients were studied. The most promising method was chemoradiotherapy using multifractionation of a daily dose of irradiation, the 4-year survival rate of 20% being achieved. For combination with radiation therapy the following schemes of chemotherapeutic agents were used bleomycin-methotrexate-prospidine, bleomycin-adriamycin-methotrexate, dactinomycin-methotrexate-prospidine, methotrexate-prospidine. Intensive detoxication therapy with parenteral feeding is recommended to decrease the frequency of complications and to improve therapy tolerance.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Dactinomycin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality , Gamma Rays/therapeutic use , Humans , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Prospidium/administration & dosage , Radiotherapy Dosage , Remission Induction , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The results of gamma-beam therapy of esophageal cancer leave much to be desired. However betatron therapy improves them. To compare the results of esophageal cancer therapy 4 therapeutic modalities were employed: the 1st group--chemoradiotherapy (methotrexate at a weekly dose of 45 mg), the 2nd group--chemoradiotherapy (methotrexate at a dose of 10 mg alternating with prospidin at a dose of 200 mg), the 3rd group--radiotherapy (inhibitory radiation), the 4th group--radiotherapy (gamma-beam therapy). Higher efficacy of chemoradiotherapy as compared to radiotherapy only was established.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Prospidium/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Proliferative activity (growth fraction) of malignant melanoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (19 patients) was studied using L. Schiffer's method (1975) modified by R. K. Karakulov (1982) and based on differences in the activity of DNA-polymerase in proliferating cells and cells "beyond the cycle". The number of active DNA-polymerase containing nuclei was determined using tumor cell nuclear DNA as matrices. The results obtained showed that malignant skin melanoma possessed a low proliferative activity (13.4% before radiation exposure). After the delivery of a dose of 30 Gy growth fraction was lowered by 25% (approximately 10%). Squamous cell skin carcinoma possessed a high proliferative activity, its basal value was 39.4%. After a dose of 30 Gy growth fraction was decreased 3-fold (approximately 12.9%). In malignant melanoma there was no correlation between a growth fraction value, the period and stage of disease as well as between a decrease in growth fraction and a degree of tumor regression by the end of irradiation. In skin cancer there was direct correlation between the depth of a growth fraction drop and a degree of tumor regression after a dose of 30 Gy. Therefore one can assume that the determination of a value of proliferative activity of radiosensitive tumors can serve as a criterion of therapeutic efficacy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Melanoma/radiotherapy , Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cell Division/radiation effects , Electrons , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Leg , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Preoperative Care , Radiotherapy Dosage , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
The use of 131I-sodium benzoate made it possible to establish disorder of antitoxic hepatic function in 60% of patients with esophageal cancer as well as differences of this function depending on the level of tumor site in the esophagus. The initial state of antitoxic hepatic function has been shown to produce a certain effect on direct results of chemoradio- and radiotherapy of patients with esophageal cancer.
Subject(s)
Benzoates , Esophageal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Iodine Radioisotopes , Liver/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Benzoic Acid , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The formation of a wide beam is found necessary for a clinical application of a fast electron beam. A method of formation using thin dispersion foils is the most common one. An electromagnetic method of formation has been worked out, and dose distributions of fast electrons formed by this method have been compared in the tissue equivalent medium with those formed with the help of dispersion foils. The effect of some of the individual units of the forming device in these two methods of formation has been assessed. The experiment was conducted on medical beta-trons B-15 and B-5M-25 manufactured in the USSR. The depth dose distributions of fast electrons along the beam central axis in the electromagnetic formation for electrons with an energy of 7-24 MEV, field 8 X 10 cm and DSS = 90 cm are presented. It has been established that the beam intensity in the electromagnetic formation is higher than in the utilization of dispersion foils. Depth dose distribution is better in the electromagnetic formation than in the utilization of dispersion foils.
