Post-COVID-19 Illness Trend in a Local Community in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: An infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might show a wide range of symptoms. Many individuals still experience symptoms after a prolonged period of initial COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to find out the prolonged consequences of COVID-19 with their associations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Two hundred and eighty-six COVID-19 cases were the subject of this cross-sectional investigation, which was carried out in basic and secondary healthcare facilities in Bangladesh. COVID-19-positive participants with consent were interviewed in person about their sociodemographic traits, the nature of their COVID-19 infection, risk factors, present manifestations, etc. We carried out our statistical exploration by use of IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). To evaluate differences, we utilized the chi-square (χ2) test as well as the unpaired t-test. Our significance threshold level was 0.05. RESULT: In this study, 18.5% of participants reported having post-COVID-19 symptoms. The four main symptom categories were anorexia (26.4%), myalgia (34.8%), fatigue (41.5%), and palpitations (25.5%). The majority of post-COVID-19 syndrome patients (e.g., 40.0%) were over 50 years old. Severe disease (81.8%) was more likely to develop post-COVID-19 illness. CONCLUSION: Fifty-three out of 286 participants (or 18.5%) reported having post-COVID-19 symptoms. The main symptom categories included fatigue, myalgia, anorexia, and palpitations. In order to determine the risk variables our data supports, additional investigation is required.

Effectiveness and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Recurrent and Relapsed Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has achieved high cure rates as a result of recent advancements in treatment. However, recurring or relapsed illness still poses a therapeutic challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, is now being commonly used as part of immunotherapy for recurrent and relapsed cHL. We found eight appropriate articles through systematic search and conducted in-depth analysis to find insights into the effectiveness and safety profiles of pembrolizumab by analyzing clinical trial data in patients with recurrent and relapsed cHL. Analysis of the studies shows that response rates, progression-free survival, and patient-reported quality of life have all significantly improved. However, immune-related consequences are among the adverse outcomes. The necessity for continued study is highlighted by the variation in reported adverse events and follow-up times. Clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare professionals can use this study as a resource to provide knowledgeable and individualized patient care in cHL.

Prevalence of Electrolyte Imbalance in Patients With Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Electrolyte abnormalities are common in acute stroke patients and have a substantial impact on the course and prognosis of the disease. Electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and phosphate abnormalities are frequently seen in this patient population. The incidence, root causes, and medical ramifications of electrolyte abnormalities in acute stroke patients are investigated in this comprehensive study. According to our research, hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance. The most common reason for hyponatremia in stroke patients is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Higher mortality rates, longer hospital admissions, and less favorable functional outcomes are all linked to hyponatremia. Acute stroke patients also typically experience hypokalemia, which affects the severity of the stroke and the recovery of functional abilities. The review furthermore emphasizes the incidence and clinical consequences of hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypocalcemia in patients with acute stroke. The results highlight the significance of early electrolyte imbalance detection and treatment in acute stroke patients. To better comprehend therapeutic approaches, evaluate their influence on stroke outcomes, and analyze prognostic implications, more research is required.

The Safety and Efficacy of Cryotherapy in the Prevention of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy: A Systematic Review.

The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel has significantly enhanced the treatment of various types of cancer. However, the quality of life of cancer patients is often impacted by the painful and dose-restrictive paclitaxel side effect known as paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). A non-pharmacological method called cryotherapy has shown promise in alleviating PIPN-related symptoms. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing PIPN. The review analyzed four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving individuals treated with paclitaxel for breast and gynecological cancer. Cryotherapy showed success in lowering PIPN symptoms in several studies, as judged by various outcome measures, although the findings varied. The safety profile of cryotherapy was typically good, with minimal side effects. However, methodological variations and small sample sizes in the studies analyzed limit drawing definitive conclusions from them. To obtain conclusive evidence, studies with standardized techniques and larger sample sizes are required. Further research is necessary to understand cryotherapy's potential mechanisms and long-term effects. This review highlights the potential of cryotherapy in the management of PIPN, explains how it works, and suggests future research topics to improve its application.

Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Hospitalizations in Non-elderly Patients with Pneumonia: a Population-Based Study.

The objective is to study factors that increase the likelihood of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hospitalized adult non-elderly patients with pneumonia compared to other medical inpatients and to understand the utilization rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI in inpatients with pneumonia and its related impact on hospitalization stay and cost. A population-based study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS, 2019) with adult non-elderly inpatients (age 18-65 years) with a medical condition as their primary diagnosis and a co-diagnosis of pneumonia during hospitalization stay. This study sample was divided by the primary diagnosis of AMI versus other medical conditions (non-AMI). A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of predictors associated with AMI in patients with pneumonia. The results showed a direct relationship between increasing age and the likelihood of AMI in pneumonia inpatients with three times higher odds seen in 51-65 years of age (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.82-3.09). The comorbidities included complicated hypertension (OR 2.84, 95% CI 2.78-2.89), diabetes with complications (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.24-1.29), and drug abuse (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.22-1.31) that increased the likelihood of AMI-related hospitalization. The utilization rate of surgical treatment (PCI) was 14.37% for the management of AMI in inpatients with pneumonia. Inpatients co-diagnosed with pneumonia and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes were more likely to be hospitalized for AMI. These at-risk patients should be considered for early risk stratification. Utilization of PCI was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate.

Predictors of Acute Myocardial Infraction in Patients With Vasculitis: A Nationwide Inpatient Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives The primary goal of this study is to explore demographic and comorbid factors that increase the hospitalization risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with vasculitis along with the utilization rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)/angioplasty. Additionally, we aim to study the prevalence of AMI in vasculitis inpatients based on geographical distribution. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) in 2019 involving 33,210 inpatients hospitalized on emergency-based admissions with a co-diagnosis of vasculitis, subdivided into cohorts without AMI (N = 31,790) and with AMI (N = 1,420) as the primary diagnosis. A binomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of predictors associated with AMI in patients with vasculitis compared to the non-AMI cohort. Results The prevalence of AMI in the total inpatient population with vasculitis was 4.28%, with a majority of patients being in the older age group of 51-65 years (63%), males (59.2%), and white (59%). Inpatients with vasculitis having pre-existing co-morbid conditions were at greater risk for AMI, such as obesity (OR 2.84, 95%CI 2.78-2.89), metastatic cancer (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.26-2.37), complicated hypertension (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.46-1.85), and arthropathies (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.30-1.68). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the AMI cohort compared to the non-AMI cohort (13% vs 2.9%). The utilization rate of PCI/endovascular angioplasty was 13.02% (185 out of 1,420) and had a lower in-hospital mortality rate compared to those managed by medical treatment (8.1% vs 13.8%). Conclusion AMI is an important differential diagnosis to consider in vasculitis patients admitted into the hospital with chest pain. Due to the low prevalence of vasculitis and diagnostic challenges, these primary conditions can be often missed. There is a greater risk of inpatient mortality among vasculitis patients with AMI. Therefore, a higher index of suspicion should be exercised, especially in elderly males with risk factors. Vasculitis patients with chronic comorbidities such as arthropathies, obesity and hypertension are at a greater risk for suffering from AMI. Careful screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors is mandatory in vasculitis patients.

Hospitalization Outcomes Related to Acute Kidney Injury in Inpatients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study.

Objective To delineate the differences in demographic characteristics and hospitalization outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction by comorbid acute kidney injury (AKI) and to explore the risk factors for in-hospital mortality due to AKI in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using a nationwide inpatient sample and included 77,585 adult inpatients with AMI and further divided by the presence of a co-diagnosis of AKI. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of the association between in-hospital mortality and AKI and other comorbidities. Results The prevalence of AKI in AMI inpatients during hospitalization was 11.69%. Among AMI inpatients with AKI, it was prevalent in males (73.9%) and whites (48.8%). Patients with AKI had a higher prevalence of complicated comorbid hypertension (58.7%), diabetes with complications (34.8%), cardiogenic shock (17.4%), and drug abuse (12.3%). Male patients had lower odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.69; 95% Cl 0.61-0.79) compared to females. Hispanics had a higher association with mortality (OR 1.45; 95% Cl 1.21-1.74) than whites and other races/ethnicities. Patients who developed cardiogenic shock were at 17 times higher odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 17.25; 95% CI 15.14-19.67), followed by AKI (OR 4.64; 95% CI 4.06-5.31), and alcohol abuse (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03-1.64). The in-hospital mortality rate among AMI inpatients with AKI (7.6%) was significantly higher compared to that seen in the non-AKI cohort (0.9%). Conclusion AMI inpatients with AKI during hospitalization was prevalent in males and whites. Among the demographic risk factors, females and Hispanics had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality during the inpatient management of AMI. Cardiogenic shock and AKI increased the odds of in-hospital mortality compared to other comorbidities in AMI inpatients.

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in Inpatients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objectives The objective is to study the demographic and geographical factors that increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in inpatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and evaluate the mortality risk and hospitalization outcomes in terms of length of stay (LOS) and cost of care in patients with CRC in UC. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS, 2019). We included 78,835 inpatients (age 15-65 years) hospitalized on emergency-based admissions with a primary diagnosis of UC. The study sample was divided by the presence of CRC. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and independent-sample t-test respectively. Independent binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of predictors associated with CRC in patients with UC compared to non-CRC. Results The prevalence of CRC in inpatients with UC was 0.2%, and the mean age for admission of patients with UC with CRC was 49.6 years (SD ± 10.29). A directly proportionate relationship exists between increasing age and the risk of CRC in UC inpatients with 10 times higher odds seen in 51-65 years of age (OR 10.0, 95% CI 5.11-19.61). Males (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.49-3.08) and Hispanics (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04-2.74) are at higher odds for CRC compared to their counterparts. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was associated with increased odds (OR 6.23, 95% CI 2.48-15.68) for CRC in UC inpatients. There existed an increased association for CRC in UC inpatients with complicated hypertension, and alcohol and drug abuse but was statistically non-significant. As per the adjusted regression model, CRC in UC inpatients increased the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 41.09, 95% CI 19.49-86.58). Conclusions CRC was more prevalent in middle-aged Caucasian males with UC and those with chronic comorbidities including complicated diabetes and hypertension, alcohol abuse, and AIDS. Patients with UC and AIDS were found to have greater odds of developing CRC. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed in the management of these patient groups as the inpatient mortality risk was higher in UC inpatients with CRC.

Evaluating Association of Maternal Nutritional Status With Neonatal Birth Weight in Term Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Study With Unexpected Outcomes.

Introduction Birth weight is described as the primary determinant of the chances of survival among newborns. Low birth weight (LBW) is considered to be a major public health issue, especially among developing countries where poor maternal nutritional status is identified as a cause of both long and short-term adverse consequences. In developing countries, the majority of the LBW infants are born at term but are affected by intrauterine growth restriction, which might have begun early in the pregnancy period. We conducted this study in order to determine the possible effects of the poor nutritional status of mothers on the birth weight of their newborns. However, in disparity to the previous literature, our study evaluated unpredictable results. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at two tertiary care teaching hospitals from November 2020 to April 2021 in order to determine the possible effects of the poor nutritional status of mothers on the birth weight of their newborns. 156 women both primigravida and multigravida of ages between 15 and 50 years and those who delivered low birth weight (LBW) babies of either gender at term (37-40 weeks of gestation) were included. For all mothers who delivered LBW (<2500 g) at term, their mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by inelastic tape. Mothers with MUAC less than 21 cm were considered malnourished. Results A total of 156 study participants were included in the study, with majority (n=112, %=71.8%) of them between the ages of 20 and 30 years. The mean age of all included participants was calculated to be 25.96±4.54 years (ranging from 18 to 38 years). Prevalence of maternal malnutrition was observed in 41 (26.3%) of the included women who delivered LBW babies, in contrast to high prevalence rates in previous literature. Conclusions In contrast to the previous literature, our study has shown that the nutritional status of mothers has no significant impact on the weight of neonates and the majority of neonates in our study were not severely low weight.