ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, the incidence of which has significantly increased in the last 10 years. In Pakistan, it is reported to be the most common cancer among men and the second most common in women. Cyclin D1 is a protein involved in cell cycle regulation from G1 phase to S phase. Down regulation of this molecule causes inhibition of cell cycle transition and may lead to carcinogenesis. We studied the expression of Cyclin D1 in biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate the staining patterns in various grades and sites of the oral cavity. Cyclin D1 was expressed in 53.8% cases of OSCC and showed a significant association with tumour differentiation, with higher intensity staining seen in poorly differentiated cases of OSCC. Thus, Cyclin D1 can be regarded as a marker of malignant potential of OSCC and can help identify cases with poorer outcome.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Male , Cyclin D1 , Epithelial Cells , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckABSTRACT
Background: B-cell lymphoma 2 is involved in various cancers including breast carcinoma. Its expression in breast cancer has been associated with good prognostic factors such as hormone receptor expression, low Ki-67, low grade, and earlier stage. It is also considered to be an independent prognostic factor for luminal and triple-negative tumors. Objective: We aimed to determine the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) in different molecular subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and its association with prognostic indicators. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples of invasive carcinoma of breast, no special type (NST), were categorized into molecular subtypes according to immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 and then evaluated for BCL2 expression. The expression of BCL2 was correlated with ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 and compared between luminal and nonluminal subtypes. Results: The BCL2 expression was seen in 68% of the cases with a significant association with ER, PR, and luminal subtypes. No significant association of BCL2 expression was seen with grade, HER2 and Ki-67 status of the tumor, or age group of the patients. BCL2 expression is significantly associated with ER, PR, and luminal subtypes in breast cancer. Conclusion: BCL2 is a marker of good prognosis in invasive carcinoma of breast, NST.
