[To the prevention of recurrent dacryocystitis after surgical treatment].

The efficacy of collagenase KK was evaluated in the treatment of 121 patients with lacrimal duct diseases. Collagenase KK used to prevent recurrent lacrimal duct disease contributed to a significant relief of an inflammatory process (by an average of 2.04+/-0.2 days as rapidly as in the controls), recovery of nasal lacrimation, shorter treatment (by an average of 1.8+/-0.11 bed/days), a reduction in the number of complications (by 2.1 times). The findings enable the authors to recommend the agent for wide clinical application in combination with other treatments.

[Experience with endoscopy used in surgery for complicated cataracts].

The paper describes a procedure for intraoperative diagnosis of Zinn's zonula defects in intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Studies were made during treatment of 14 patients (14 eyes) with complicated cataract, in whom intraoperative endoscopic diagnosis of dislocation of the lens was made. The diagnosis of third-degree lenticular subluxation was verified in 9 patients; in 5 patients who were biomicroscopically diagnosed as having second-degree lenticular subluxation, its third-degree was revealed by intraoperative endoscopy. The paper provides strong evidence that the use of endoscopes in the surgery of the anterior ocular portion facilitates the diagnosis of lenticular ligamentous apparatus disturbances in the miotic rigid pupil, altered anterior segment due to injuries to the organ of vision, aids in defining the surgical treatment policy, the choice of a method for lenticular removal, and the type of an implanted IOL.

[Comprehensive ultrasound diagnosis of orbital tumors and preudotumors].

A comprehensive ultrasound examination was made in 37 patients with orbital tumors and pseudotumors. The basic differential diagnostic sonographic and Doppler signs were defined in capillary hemangioma, vasculitis at the stage of infiltration and malignancies of the orbit.

[Experimental determination of a safe dose of the enzyme collagenase agent for subconjunctival and retrobulbar administration].

The authors carried out two series of experiments using 32 eyes of 16 rabbits. The enzyme collagenase agent was daily injected, by increasing doses up to 25, 50, 75, and 100 units for subconjunctival ocular (Series 1) and retrobulbar (Series 2) injections. The control groups included 3 rabbits in both series (6 eyes). They were injected 0.5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. It has been concluded that the safest doses of collagemase are 25-50 units for subconjunctival and retrobulbar injection.

[Diagnosis and treatment of children with acute inflammatory diseases of the orbit].

The role of computer tomography within the differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of orbit tissues as well as an appropriate tactics of treatment were evaluated. Computer tomography, "Somafom AR-T", 512 x 512 pix matrix, Siemens (Germany), was made in the axial and coronary projections to delineate the inflammatory zone. The findings of computer tomography denoted explicitly the spatial features of pathology within the orbit with anatomic structures. In periostitis and reactive edema in retrobulbar fat of the orbit, the treatment of patients was conservative made jointly with otolaryngologist. Orbitotomy with drainage or with lancing of affected sinuses was made in abscess and phlegmon of the orbit. There was a complete recovery in a majority of patients with acute diseases of the orbit; they preserved their functions of the organ of vision and of its appendages. Therefore, computer tomography is a valuable and highly effective examination tool within the differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory diseases of the orbit. The diagnosis and treatment of such diseases call for a board of doctors including ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist and oral surgeon.

[Results of primary IOL implantation after extraction of congenital cataract in two-year babies]. / Rezul'taty pervichnoi implantatsii intraokuliarnykh linz posle udaleniia vrozhdennoi katarakty u detei pervykh dvukh let zhizni.

The results of aspiration of congenital cataract and those of IOL implantation were analyzed for 15 children (17 eyes) aged 2 years or less. The specificity of the postoperative clinical course after implantation of different IOL types and of changes of refraction as well as peculiarities of the growth of the aphakic eye in unilateral cataract versus its match were analyzed. Exudative reaction, stages I-II, is the main problem encountered in the early postoperative period irrespective of a type of the implanted IOL. Implantation of rigid IOLs is associated with a higher risk of development of secondary cataract in the late postoperative period. The postoperative changes of refraction do not depend on an IOL type. The artiphakic eye becomes myopic as the anatomic-optic parameters of the growing eye change. There are no reliable differences between the growth indices in the anterior-posterior axis of the artiphakic and growing eyes.

[Results of surgical treatment for cataract with implantation of intraocular lenses in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Primary implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) was made in 9 children (16 eyes) after removal of cataract; secondary implantation was performed in 2 children (4 eyes) 3 and 4 years after diabetic cataract aspiration. After surgery, 4, 4, and 3 children were followed up 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Thirteen cases of secondary cataract were observed after primary implantation (16 eyes); secondary cataract was recorded in 100% of cases after implantation of polymethyl methaacrylate IOLs and hydrophilic "Centrflex" lenses and only in 57.1% after implantation of hydrophobic "Acrysof" lenses. The visual acuity was 0.48 +/- 0.14 after removal of secondary cataract and 0.88 +/- 0.11 after laser discission. Laser invention did not lead to the progression or occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the late periods of a follow-up. Cataract removal with IOL implantation in children with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) yields high functional results. The postoperative follow-up did not demonstrate a significant increase in the severity and incidence of DR, which seems to be associated both with a good postoperative IDD compensation and preventive treatment. The use of the hydrophobic flexible lenses is more optimal to prevent the development of secondary cataract.

[Experimental implantation of the "Ufalens" artificial lens in primary surgical treatment]. / Implantatsiia iskusstvennogo khrustalika "Ufalens-1" pri pervichnoi khirurgicheskoi obrabotke v éksperimente.

Described in the paper is the response of eye tissues in extraction of traumatic cataract with IOL implantation observed in primary surgical treatment of penetrating corneal wounds. Experiments were made on 60 rabbits (120 eyes). 5 mm-long penetrating corneal wounds located in the optic zone with damaged lens were modeled in the experimental group (30 rabbits, 60 eyes). The wound was surgically treated in 24 hours: traumatic cataract was extracted and posterior-chamber IOL was implanted ("Ufalens-1" manufactured at the UFA Research institute of eye diseases). Thirty rabbits (60 eyes) were in the control group: transparent lens was extracted in them and IOL (same model) was implanted. The animals were taken out of the experiment by air embolism on days 3 and 7 and in 1, 3 and 7 months. Tinting with hematoxylin or eosin was used to ensure plain histological examination. The stages of histological treatment of tissues were carried out according to the standard method. A conclusion was made on the basis of research results that the implantation of "Ufalens-1" in primary surgical treatment of eyeball wounds with damaged lens does not have any essential clinical or morphological impact on the severity of the postoperative period and can be recommended as a method of medical rehabilitation of victims for use at specialized ophthalmologic clinics.

[Changing electrophysiological parameters in the eye in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Izmeneniia élektrofiziologicheskikh pokazatelei organa zreniia u detei, bol'nykh insulinozavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Fifty-eight (58) children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined and shared between 6 groups: Group 1--primarily diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM); Group 2--DM with an up to 5-year history; Group 3--DM with a an up to 10-year history; Group 4--children with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Group 5--children with diabetic cataract. Forty-five healthy children were in the control group. According to the pattern registration of visual induced potentials (RVIP), a reliable prolongation of latency P100 was detected in children of Groups 1 and 4. The results of the general electroretinography (ERG) showed a reliably decreased amplitude of the basic wave b- in Groups 1-4 and an increased amplitude of wave a- in Groups 4 and 5. According to photopic ERG, a reliably decreased amplitude of wave a- was detected in Groups 1-5 and a decreased amplitude of wave b- was registered in all groups except for Group 2. Scotopic ERG showed, in Group 5, an increased amplitude of wave a- (p < 0.05) at the normal values of wave b-, and, in Groups 1-4,--a significantly inhibited amplitude of wave b-. Finally, rhythmic ERG showed a reliably inhibited amplitude in all groups.

[Anti-inflammatory activity of hyaluronic acid]. / Protivovospalitel'naia aktivnost' gialuronovoi kisloty.

The results of in vivo experiments showed that hyaluronic acid possesses antiexudative activity comparable with that of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hyaluronic acid exhibits antagonism with respect to histamine-induced inflammation.

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of a silicone protector designed for the vitreous body and retina in phacoemulsification]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie éffektivnosti silikonovogo protektora dlia zashchity steklovidnogo tela i setchatki pri fakoémul'sifikatsii.

A phacoemulsification technique is suggested that involves the use of a silicone protector. It was proven experimentally that a temporary implantation of a silicone plate, i.e. protector, into the retronuclear space, while performing the lens nuclear phacoemulsification, is an effective means of protecting the retina and vitreous body from a negative ultrasound impact.

[Ultrasonic tomography of neurogenic tumors of the orbit]. / Ul'trazvukovaia tomografiia neirogennykh opukholei orbity.

The results of a comprehensive ultrasonic examination of 12 patients with tumors of the eye orbit are described. A low echogenicity as well as heterogeneity of the echo-structure and of the contours' sharpness are the main sonographic features of the mentioned tumors. An examination of a vascularization degree in patients with gliomas of the optic nerve showed no blood circulation inside tumors; while a collateral blood circulation was detected in patients with meningiomas of the optic nerve. A compression of the ocular artery by the tumor and reduced hemodynamic indices were found to be typical. Finally, a triplex examination of the orbit makes it possible to diagnose tumors of the optic nerve.

[Use of cycloferon in a combined treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis]. / Primenenie preparata tsikloferona pri kompleksnom lechenii khlamidiinogo kon"iunktivita.

A high therapeutic efficiency of cycloferon, an interferon inductor, was demonstrated when it is combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chlamidial conjuctivitis. The use of the mentioned drug for acute chlamidial conjuctivitis prevents relapses.

[Use of instenon in complex treatment of patients with optic nerve atrophy caused by craniocerebral trauma]. / Primenenie instenona v kompleksnom lechenii patsientov s atrofiei zritel'nogo nerva vsledstvie cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Instenon, a combined nootropic agent, was used on the step-type basis within a complex treatment of optic nerve atrophy caused by craniocerebral trauma. Our study revealed that instenon, when used within a complex treatment of a partial optic nerve atrophy caused by craniocerebral trauma, improved the visual acuity in 85.7% of patients and it expanded the total visual field in 76.2% of patients, whereas the routine therapy ensured the related improvements in 58.9% and 61.5% of patients, respectively. Besides, the drug provided for a better retinal electric sensitivity and for a better optic nerve conduction in 73.8% of cases versus 64.1% of cases with basic therapy. Increased velocity parameters in the ocular-artery blood flow were registered in 77.1%, of patients who received instenon, by duplex scanning.