[Structural and functional changes of the loose connective tissue and macrophage system in experimental crush-syndrome].

Cells and the extracellular matrix of the loose connective tissue as well as the macrophage system were studied in experimental crush-syndrome in 50 rats using histological, histochemical and electron microscopical methods. The results of the investigation have shown that the components of the loose connective tissue and the macrophage system actively responded to 1-hour-long hindlimb compression. Severe structural and functional injury of the cells and extracellular matrix of the subcutaneous loose connective tissue and of the stroma of different organs (lung, heart, kidney) was detected on dayl, was especially pronounced on day 7 and partly regressed by day 30 after the decompression. These changes included the structural damage of fibroblasts, changes in the number and degranulation of the mast cells, inhibition of RNA synthesis in plasmoblasts and lymphoblasts and the destruction of the collagen, elastic and reticular fibers. The number of macrophages in the liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes was reduced on days 1 and 7 after the decompression, in some organs this effect persisted until day 20. The activity of acid phosphatase was reduced in the macrophages in crush-syndrome.

[Changes of structure and function of spleen macrophages induced by malignant neoplasia]. / Izmeneniia struktury i funktsii makrofagov selezenki v usloviiakh zlokachestvennogo rosta.

Spleen macrophages, as most active elements of the mononuclear phagocyte system, were studied using light and electron microscopy in experimental rats and mice with differenet types of malignant neoplasia, including chemically induced carcinogenesis, transplantable tumor growth and in leukosis. In chemically induced carcinogenesis macrophage phagocytic activity was reduced, morphologically, the cellular surface smoothing, cytoplasm organell reduction and nuclear pyknotic changes were found. In animals with transplanted tumors, high activity of spleen macrophages was detected. In animals with leukosis, macrophages are characterized by reduced phagocytic activity, smoothed cellular surface and a variable number of lysosomes. The results obtained support the concept of high reactivity of the cells of mononuclear phagocyte system in neoplasia.

[Morphofunctional state of the blood microcirculatory bed in the injured gastrocnemius muscle in rats during pharmacological stimulation]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie gemomikrotsirkuliatornogo rusla v povrezhdennoi ikronozhnoi myshtse krysy v usloviakh farmakostimuliatsii.

The state of hemomicrocirculatory bed and of local peripheral circulation was studied after the operational injury of rat gastrochnemius muscle without pharmacologic treatment and following a combined administration of alpha-tocopherol and methyluracil. Local circulation in the regenerate of the treated animals was shown to increase not only as a result of increase of capillary density, but also due to the elevation in the number of functioning capillaries and veins.

[The age-related characteristics of the muscular layer of the common bile duct in man]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti myshechnoi obolochki obshchego zhelchnogo protoka u cheloveka.

Walls of 22 common bile ducts of corpses of both sexes people aged from 21 to 73 were studied. Longitudinal and cross sections of the common bile ducts walls obtained by the improved histotopographical method were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after Jenner-Giemsa, picrofuchsine after Van-Gieson and orsein impregnated after Gordon-Svit and Kuprianov in modification corresponding with biliary tracts tissues. Specific volumes of myocyte bands and connective tissue forming the demonstrated smooth myocytes bands were determined and their correlation was defined in 4 age groups with research material divided in correspondence with the age classification adopted. Changes of capillary-tissue coefficient in ontogenesis were also determined. It was demonstrated that in proximal middle regions the common bile duct muscular coat was represented with longitudinal smooth myocyte bands, isolated from the surrounding loose connective tissue by reticulo-elastic framework. Regular order of these bands forms the crimpet construction of the common bile ducts in longitudinal direction of the tube. By the end of the 2nd maturity period and in elderly age separate location of the myocytes and zigzag course of the bands, their fragmentation with connective tissue layers were observed. Substitution of smooth myocytes with connective tissue fibres occurs. Analysis of the numeral values of the specific volumes obtained mathematically confirms all the morphological transformations listed above. Capillary-tissue coefficient increases in elderly and senile and age indicates disturbance in the tissue metabolism resulting from significant worsening of blood supply.

[The morphofunctional characteristics of the vascular bed of the lymph nodes]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika sosudistogo rusla limfaticheskikh uzlov.

By means of silver nitrate impregnation and ATPase methods the distribution of all links of the lymph node vascular bed has been investigated. Structure of the blood capillary wall has been studied electron microscopically; they are defined as capillaries of the I type, that is having a continuous endothelial and basal layers and a small diameter. An essential amount of ribosomes is specific for blood capillary endothelium in the lymph nodes. A dendrite-like ramification of the portal veins is described, dichotomic--for the cerebral arteries, as well as the distribution of cortical arteries and arterioles. The postcapillary venules are found to localize around the lymphoid noduli and in the paracortical zone. Morphological bases for better exchange between blood and lymph are demonstrated in the cortex of the lymph node. Morphological signs of littoral cells of the lymphatic sinuses have been investigated and a conclusion is made on similarity in the structure of the lymphatic sinus wall and the wall of the lymphatic capillaries. Tight structural interrelations have been stated to exist between the wall of the lymph node blood vessels, its stroma and the wall of the lymphatic sinuses.

[Brephoplasty of an inflamed alveolus with bone chips (histological research)]. / Brefoplastika vospalennoi lunki kostnoi shchebenkoi (gistologicheskoe issledovanie).

Bone tissue regeneration and abatement of inflammatory processes in the well after tooth extraction were examined in experimental dogs treated with iodoform and crushed brefobone preserved in 0.5 percent formalin. Histologic study has confirmed the efficacy of crushed brefobone employment for the inflamed well plasty, for such treatment was conducive to a sooner abatement of the inflammation and regeneration of bone tissue in the well.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus of rats with parathyroprival hypocalcemia]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika neirosekretornykh kletok supraopticheskogo iadra u krys s paratireoprivnoi gipokal'tsemiei.

Humori-positive neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus have been investigated during various time of parathyroprival hypocalcemia after extirpation of the parathyroid glands. Contents of total and ionized calcium, phosphorus in blood serum have been estimated. Volume of nuclei and nucleoli has been measured. In 5 days functional activity of the supraoptic nucleus increases (lightly stained cells predominate, volume of the nuclei and nucleoli increases). In subsequent 15-30 days its activity decreases (increase in amount of dark-stained cells, nucleolar volume decreases). In 60 days there is a tendency to restoration of neurosecretion.

[The use of pulse-width modulation sinusoidal currents in the combined treatment of peptic ulcer]. / Primenenie sinusoidal'nykh tokov shirotno-impul'snoi moduliatsii v kompleksnom lechenii iazvennoi bolezni.

The efficacy of pulse-duration modulation currents was evaluated in 143 patients with duodenal ulcer at the phase of reducing exacerbation. It was established that pulse-duration modulation currents in T5-T3 parameters produced a positive effect both on the clinical course of the disease and on the functional-morphological state of the gastrointestinal system. Absence of side-effects, simplicity and availability allow this method for implementation in the clinical practice of different medical institutions.

[Macrophage activation in the immune response]. / Aktivatsiia makrofagov v immunnom otvete.

In inbred white rats, immunized with sheep erythrocytes, contents and phagocytic activity of the spleen and pulmonary macrophages have been studied on the 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 20th days of the experiment in the light, scanning and transmissive electron microscope, as well as the effect of the cells mentioned on proliferation of lymphoid elements. Maximal phagocytic activity of the splenic and alveolar macrophages is observed on the 7th day of the experiment. At the same time, certain drop in the lymphoid cells proliferation takes place. The change in the macrophages contents also influences proliferation of the lymphoid cells.

[Macrophages and lymphoid cells exposed to antigenic stimulation]. / Makrofagi i limfoidnye kletki v usloviiakh antigennoi stimuliatsii.

After antigenic stimulation (intraperitoneal administration of 6% emulsion of sheep erythrocytes) interaction of macrophages and lymphoid cells has been studied in non-inbred mice spleen, lymph nodes, lungs and skin. Histological, morphometrical and radiographic techniques demonstrate that dermal macrophages possess the least reactivity. In 15 days of the experiment activation of the macrophagial link of the spleen and lymph node coinsides with the most intensive transformation of lymphoid elements into the antibody-producing plasma cells. In the lung the phenomena described are observed on the 9th day of the experiment.

[Cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle of the heart in experimental infarct and pharmacostimulation (histochemical study)]. / Kardiomiotsity levogo zheludochka serdtsa pri éksperimental'nom infarkte i farmakostimuliatsii (gistokhimicheskoe issledovanie).

Contents and activity of lactate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase of cardiomyocytes have been studied histochemically and cytophotometrically in the left ventricle of the rabbit heart under conditions of myocardial infarction experimentally induced by alpha-tocoferol and sodium nucleinate. The substances mentioned produce a protective effect on the energic metabolism of cardiomyocytes.

[Tissue basophils in the thymus (luminescence microscopic and immunologic analysis)]. / Tkanevye bazofily v timuse (liuminestsentno-mikroskopicheskii i immunologicheskii analizy).

By means of fluorescent method biogenic amines in the thymus tissue basophils have been investigated in intact and immunized rats and, simultaneously, in the peripheral blood of the immunized animals the hemolysins titer has been defined as an index of the immune response of the organism. In the immunized rats the number of the tissue basophils is increasing, there are many degranulated forms among them. Hence, the antigenic stimulation facilitates to the tissue basophils secretory activation, which is morphologically manifested as their degranulation. The hemolysins titer level in the peripheral blood is gradually decreasing, as the time of immunization increases. The content of biogenic amines in the tissue basophils does not undergo similar changes.

[Age and features of lymphoid cells after antigenic stimulation]. / vozrastnye osobennosti limfoidnykh kletok pri antigennoi stimuliatsii.

T- and B-populations of lymphocytes from the thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes have been studied. Rabbits of various age were immunized intravenously with suspension of 20 . 10 g/kg sheep erythrocytes. The results of the histochemical and scanning electron microscopic investigation demonstrate that in 6-month-old animals B-lymphocytes transform intensively into plasmic cells. Under antigenic stimulation, certain changes of the lymphatic surface are demonstrated. Enzymatic activity specific for T- and B-depending zones is stated.