Conducta suicida en jóvenes y adultos en la provincia Mayabeque (2018 y 2019)

Introducción: La conducta suicida incluye el intento suicida y el suicidio consumado. En Cuba ocupa la décima causa de muerte en el cuadro de mortalidad y la tercera en los adolescentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la conducta suicida en jóvenes y adultos en la provincia Mayabeque en 2018 y 2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo quedó conformado por todos los casos de morbilidad por intento suicida registrados en las tarjetas de enfermedad de declaración obligatoria y los casos de mortalidad por suicidio registrados en la base de datos de la Dirección Provincial de Salud de Mayabeque entre 2018 y 2019. Entre las variables se consideraron: edad, sexo, métodos y municipios de residencia. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad bruta y específica calculadas por 100 000 habitantes por sexo y la razón hombre/mujer. Las variables estudiadas se expresaron en porcentajes. Resultados: Se notificaron 711 intentos suicidas. El sexo femenino exteriorizó 475 (66,8 %) casos. La razón de intento/suicidio de forma general fue de 6,8 en 2018 y de 7,7 en 2019. Se registraron 101 suicidios. El sexo masculino presentó 81 (80,2 %) casos. El método más empleado para el suicidio fue el ahorcamiento en 72 (71,2 %) casos. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino resultó el más afectado en el intento y el masculino en el suicidio. Se necesita identificar los factores de riesgo de la conducta suicida para su prevención.

Introduction: Suicidal behavior includes the suicide attempt and completed suicide. In Cuba it ranks tenth among the leading causes of death and third among adolescents according to the mortality record. Objective: To characterize the suicidal behavior in young people and adults from Mayabeque province in 2018 and 2019. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. The universe of study comprised all the morbidity cases for suicide attempt registered in the notifiable disease cards and the mortality cases for completed suicide registered in Provincial Health Department database in Mayabeque in 2018 and 2019. Among the variables studied were age, sex, suicide methods, and municipality of residence. Crude and cause-specific mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 population by sex and woman/man ratio. Variables were expressed as percentage. Results: A total of 711 suicide attempts were reported. Female sex accounted for 475 (66.8%) cases. Overall, the suicide attempt/completed suicide ratio was of 6.8 in 2018 and 7.7 in 2019. A total of 101 completed suicides were reported. There were 81 cases (80.2%) among male sex. Hanging was the most common suicide method in 72 cases (71.2 %). Conclusions: Suicide attempts are more frequent among women while completed suicide is more frequent among men. It is necessary to identify the risk factors associated to suicidal behavior for their prevention.

Recien nacidos con sifilis congenita y sus madres atendidas en el servicio de neonatologia del Hospital Eloisa Torrent de Vidal Corrientes. Año 2015-2016 / Newborns with congenital syfphilis and their mothers attended in the neontology service of the Eloisa Torrent de Vidal in Corrientes. Years 2015-2016

La sifilis congenita ocurre cuando la madre con sifilis transmite la infeccion al feto durante la gestacion por via hematogena o durante el parto por contacto directo del neonato con lesiones genitales maternas. Es una problematica social en aumento por lo cual fue necesario contextualizar la misma en nuestro medio. Objetivo: determinar las caracteristicas de los recien nacidos con sifilis congenita, asistidos en el servicio de neonatologia del Hospital Eloisa Torrent de Vidal de la ciudad de Corrientes del 1 de enero de 2015 al 31 de diciembre de 2016. Material y metodo: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo,transversal, fuente de datos las historias clinicas, las variables analizadas fueron: edad gestacional, peso al nacer, necesidad de internacion, tiempo de internacion, criterio epidemiologico para el diagnostico de la sifilis, la edad de la madre, tratamiento de sifilis en las madres y procedencia de la madre. Resultados: se detectaron 65 neonatos con sifilis congenita asistidos entre 2015 y 2016. De estos, 24 eran masculinos y 41 femeninos, en relacion a la edad gestacional, la minima fue de 20 semanas, maxima de 40 semanas, la mas frecuente 37 semanas (22%); 43 recien nacidos presentaron peso adecuado para la edad gestacional. El periodo de internacion mas frecuente fue 10 dias. En cuanto al criterio epidemiologico para el diagnostico de la sifilis 28 casos se confirmaron. Con respecto a la edad materna se presento un rango de edades entre 16 a 40 años, categorizados en adolescentes de 16 a 19 años el 41%, jovenes de 20 a 34 años el 54%; y añosas de 35 a 40 años el 5%. Al considerar la procedencia de las madres con sifilis el 77% residia en capital, y el 23% procedia del interior provincial. En referencia al tratamiento materno de sifilis se observo 2 casos que completaron el tratamiento, 36 con tratamiento incompleto y no realizaron tratamiento 27...

Analysis of Agreement Between 4 Lactate Threshold Measurements Methods in Professional Soccer Players.

Cerda-Kohler, H, Burgos-Jara, C, Ramírez-Campillo, R, Valdés-Cerda, B, Báez, E, Zapata-Gómez, D, Cristóbal Andrade, D, and Izquierdo, M. Analysis of agreement between 4 lactate threshold measurements methods in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2864-2870, 2016-Lactate threshold (LT) represents the inflection point of blood lactate values from rest to high-intensity exercise during an incremental test, is commonly used to determine exercise intensity, and is related to different positional roles of elite soccer players. Different methodologies have been adopted to determine the LT; however, the agreement between these methodologies in professional soccer players is unclear. Seventeen professional soccer players were recruited (age 24.7 ± 3.7 years, body mass 70.1 ± 5.3 kg, height 172.8 ± 7.3 cm) and performed an incremental treadmill test until volitional fatigue. Speed at LT (LTspeed), heart rate at LT (LTHR), and lactate values from capillary blood samples obtained at 3-minute intervals were analyzed using 4 LT measurement methods: visual inspection (VI), maximum distance (Dmax), modified Dmax (DmaxM), and logarithmic (log-log). Only Bland-Altman analysis for LTHR showed agreement between VI and Dmax, between VI and DmaxM, and between Dmax and DmaxM methods. No agreement between methods was observed after intraclass correlation coefficient and 95% one-sided lower-limit analysis. Comparative results showed that LTspeed was lower (p < 0.01) with the log-log method compared with the Dmax method and lower (p < 0.01) with the latter compared with the VI and DmaxM methods. Regarding LTHR, higher (p < 0.01) values were observed using the VI, DmaxM, and Dmax methods compared with the log-log method. Therefore, VI, Dmax, DmaxM, and log-log methods should not be used interchangeably for LT measurement. More studies are needed to determine a gold standard for LT detection in professional soccer players.

[ANTHROPOMETRIC CHILEAN TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS OF COMPETITIVE FEATURES]. / CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS EN JUGADORES CHILENOS DE TENIS DE MESA DE NIVEL COMPETITIVO.

The aim of the study was to characterize the anthropometric profile and somatotype of a sample of 50 players table tennis competitive with an average age 21.6 (± 3.1) years belonging to the Chilean team and institutions of higher education in the region of Valparaiso. The evaluation was conducted under the protocol marking the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) for the measurement procedure 25 restricted profile variables described by Drinkwater, Norton and Olds. Order to determine the body composition, fat, muscle, bone, skin and tissue residual was considered, using the equations proposed by Kerr. The body shape is characterized through somatotype method proposed by Carter. The sample was divided into 4 groups; Chilean Selection, Traditional Private Universities, State Universities and Private Universities Traditional Nontraditional. Regarding body composition; the Chilean team has the highest values of muscle tissue (45.6 ± 1.7%) and the lowest values of adipose tissue (25.2 ± 1.8%), also presenting lesser value in the Σ 6 skinfolds (mm) . The results showed no significant differences between groups in the aforementioned variables. In general somatotype compared by analyzing SANOVA no significant differences between groups (p = 0.409) was observed. The results show a biotype with such a characterization of endo-mesomorph with average values (4,1-4,9-1,8). This study provides updated data biotypological reference for this sport that can be used for decision-making.

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el perfil antropometrico y el somatotipo de una muestra de 50 jugadores de tenis de mesa de nivel competitivo con un promedio de edad 21,6 (± 3,1) anos pertenecientes a la seleccion chilena e instituciones de educacion superior de la region de Valparaiso. La evaluacion se realizo bajo el protocolo de marcaje de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) para el procedimiento de medicion de 25 variables de perfil restringido descrito por Drinkwater1, Norton & Olds2. Con el objetivo de determinar la composicion corporal, se considero el tejido adiposo, muscular, oseo, residual y de piel, utilizando las ecuaciones propuestas por Kerr3. La forma corporal se caracterizo a traves del metodo del somatotipo propuesto por Carter4. La muestra se distribuyo en cuatro grupos: seleccion chilena, universidades privadas tradicionales, universidades estatales tradicionales y universidades privadas no tradicionales. Respecto a la composicion corporal; la seleccion chilena presenta los mayores valores de tejido muscular (45,6 ± 1,7%) y los menores valores de tejido adiposo (25,2 ± 1,8%), presentando tambien menor valor en la Σ seis pliegues (mm). Los resultados no evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las variables antes mencionadas. En la comparacion general del somatotipo a traves del analisis SANOVA no se aprecian diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,409). Los resultados obtenidos muestran un biotipo con una caracterizacion de tipo endo-mesomorfo con valores promedio de (4,1-4,9-1,8). Este estudio aporta datos biotipologicos actualizados de referencia para este deporte que pueden ser utilizados para la toma de decisiones.

Características antropométricas en jugadores chilenos de tenis de mesa de nivel competitivo / Anthropometric Chilean table tennis players of competitive features

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el perfil antropométrico y el somatotipo de una muestra de 50 jugadores de tenis de mesa de nivel competitivo con un promedio de edad 21,6 (± 3,1) años pertenecientes a la selección chilena e instituciones de educación superior de la región de Valparaíso. La evaluación se realizó bajo el protocolo de marcaje de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) para el procedimiento de medición de 25 variables de perfil restringido descrito por Drinkwater1, Norton & Olds2. Con el objetivo de determinar la composición corporal, se consideró el tejido adiposo, muscular, óseo, residual y de piel, utilizando las ecuaciones propuestas por Kerr3. La forma corporal se caracterizó a través del método del somatotipo propuesto por Carter4. La muestra se distribuyó en cuatro grupos: selección chilena, universidades privadas tradicionales, universidades estatales tradicionales y universidades privadas no tradicionales. Respecto a la composición corporal; la selección chilena presenta los mayores valores de tejido muscular (45,6 ± 1,7%) y los menores valores de tejido adiposo (25,2 ± 1,8%), presentando también menor valor en la ∑ seis pliegues (mm). Los resultados no evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las variables antes mencionadas. En la comparación general del somatotipo a través del análisis SANOVA no se aprecian diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,409). Los resultados obtenidos muestran un biotipo con una caracterización de tipo endo-mesomorfo con valores promedio de (4,1-4,9-1,8). Este estudio aporta datos biotipológicos actualizados de referencia para este deporte que pueden ser utilizados para la toma de decisiones (AU)

The aim of the study was to characterize the anthropometric profile and somatotype of a sample of 50 players table tennis competitive with an average age 21.6 (± 3.1) years belonging to the Chilean team and institutions of higher education in the region of Valparaiso. The evaluation was conducted under the protocol marking the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) for the measurement procedure 25 restricted profile variables described by Drinkwater1, Norton and Olds2. Order to determine the body composition, fat, muscle, bone, skin and tissue residual was considered, using the equations proposed by Kerr3. The body shape is characterized through somatotype method proposed by Carter4. The sample was divided into 4 groups; Chilean Selection, Traditional Private Universities, State Universities and Private Universities Traditional Nontraditional. Regarding body composition; the Chilean team has the highest values of muscle tissue (45.6 ± 1.7%) and the lowest values of adipose tissue (25.2 ± 1.8%), also presenting lesser value in the ∑ 6 skinfolds (mm). The results showed no significant differences between groups in the aforementioned variables. In general somatotype compared by analyzing SANOVA no significant differences between groups (p = 0.409) was observed. The results show a biotype with such a characterization of endo-mesomorph with average values (4,1-4,9-1,8). This study provides updated data biotypological reference for this sport that can be used for decision-making (AU)

Effect of Progressive Volume-Based Overload During Plyometric Training on Explosive and Endurance Performance in Young Soccer Players.

The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of progressive volume-based overload with constant volume-based overload on muscle explosive and endurance performance adaptations during a biweekly short-term (i.e., 6 weeks) plyometric training intervention in young soccer players. Three groups of young soccer players (age 13.0 ± 2.3 years) were divided into: control (CG; n = 8) and plyometric training with (PPT; n = 8) and without (NPPT; n = 8) a progressive increase in volume (i.e., 16 jumps per leg per week, with an initial volume of 80 jumps per leg each session). Bilateral and unilateral horizontal and vertical countermovement jump with arms (CMJA), 20-cm drop jump reactive strength index (RSI20), maximal kicking velocity (MKV), 10-m sprint, change of direction speed (CODS), and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1) were measured. Although both experimental groups significantly increased CMJA, RSI20, CODS, and endurance performance, only PPT showed a significant improvement in MKV and 10-m sprint time. In addition, only PPT showed a significantly higher performance improvement in jumping, MKV, and Yo-Yo IR1 compared with CG. Also, PPT showed higher meaningful improvement compared with NPPT in all (except 1) jump performance measures. Furthermore, although PPT involved a higher total volume compared with NPPT, training efficiency (i.e., percentage change in performance/total jump volume) was similar between groups. Our results show that PPT and NPPT ensured significant improvement in muscle explosive and endurance performance measures. However, a progressive increase in plyometric training volume seems more advantageous to induce soccer-specific performance improvements.

Sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among urban MSM.

Understanding what social factors are associated with risk of HIV acquisition and transmission among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is a critical public health goal. Experiencing discrimination may increase risk of HIV infection among MSM. This analysis assessed relations between experiences of sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among MSM in New York City. 1,369 MSM completed a self-administered computerized assessment of past 3-month sexual behavior, experience of social discrimination and other covariates. Regression models assessed relations between recent experience of discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior. Mean age was 32 years; 32 % were white; 32 % Latino/Hispanic; 25 % African American/Black. Of MSM who self-reported HIV-positive or unknown status (377), 7 % (N = 27) reported having unprotected insertive anal intercourse with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner ("HIV transmission risk"). Of MSM who self-reported HIV-negative status (992), 11 % (110) reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with an HIV-positive or unknown status partner ("HIV acquisition risk"). HIV acquisition risk was positively associated with sexual orientation-based discrimination in home or social neighborhoods, but not race-based discrimination. We observed that sexual orientation-based discrimination was associated with sexual HIV risk behavior among urban-dwelling MSM. Addressing environmental sources of this form of discrimination, as well as the psychological distress that may result, should be prioritized in HIV prevention efforts.

The effects of interday rest on adaptation to 6 weeks of plyometric training in young soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term plyometric training interposed with 24 or 48 hours of rest between training sessions on explosive and endurance adaptations in young soccer players. A total of 166 players, between 10 and 17 years of age, were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (CG; n = 55) and 2 plyometric training groups with 24 hours (PT24; n = 54) and 48 hours (PT48; n = 57) of rest between training sessions. Before and after intervention, players were measured in squat jump, countermovement jump, 20 (RSI20) cm drop jump reactive strength index, broad long jump, 20-m sprint time, 10 × 5-m agility time, 20-m multistage shuttle run test, and sit-and-reach test. The plyometric training program was applied during 6 weeks, 2 sessions per week, with a load from 140 to 260 jumps per session, replacing some soccer-specific drills. After intervention, the CG did not show significant performance changes. PT24 and PT48 groups showed a small-to-moderate significant improvement in all performance tests (p < 0.001), with no differences between treatments. Although it has been recommended that plyometric drills should not be conducted on consecutive days, the study shows that plyometric training applied twice weekly on consecutive or nonconsecutive days results in similar explosive and endurance adaptations in young male soccer players.

Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term plyometric training program on explosive strength and endurance performance in highly competitive middle- and long-distance runners. Athletes were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 18, 12 men) and an explosive strength training group (TG, n = 18, 10 men). Drop jump (DJ) from 20 (DJ20) and 40 cm (DJ40), countermovement jump with arms (CMJA), 20-m sprint time, and 2.4-km endurance run time test were carried out before and after 6 weeks of explosive strength training. Also, the combined standardized performance (CSP) in the endurance and explosive strength test was analyzed. After intervention, the CG did not show any significant change in performance, whereas the TG showed a significant reduction in 2.4-km endurance run time (-3.9%) and 20-m sprint time (-2.3%) and an increase in CMJA (+8.9%), DJ20 (+12.7%), and DJ40 (16.7%) explosive performance. Strength training group also exhibited a significant increase in CSP, although the CG showed significant reduction. We conclude that properly programmed concurrent explosive strength and endurance training could be advantageous for middle- and long-distance runners in their competitive performance, especially in events characterized by sprinting actions with small time differences at the end of the race.