Clinical trial on nurse training through virtual reality simulation of an operating room: assessing satisfaction and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) provides a firsthand active learning experience through varying degrees of immersion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of VR as a potential tool for training operating room nurses to perform thoracic surgery procedures. METHODS: This is an open parallel-group randomized clinical trial. One group received basic formation followed by an assessment module. The experimental group received the same basic formation, followed by thoracic surgery training and an assessment module. RESULTS: Fifty-six nurses participated in the study (51 females), with a mean age of 41.6 years. Participants achieved a median evaluation mode score of 480 points (IQR = 32 points). The experimental group (520 points) achieved an overall higher score than the control group (440 points; P = .04). Regarding age, women in the second quartile of age among the participants (35-41 years) achieved significantly better results than the rest (P = .04). When we evaluated the results based on the moment of practice, exercises performed in the last 10 min obtained better results than those performed in the first 10 min (1064 points versus 554 points; P < .001). Regarding adverse effects blurred vision was the most frequent. The overall satisfaction rating with the experience was 8.5 out of 10. CONCLUSION: Virtual reality is a useful tool for training operating room nurses. Clinical trial with ISRCTN16864726 registered number.

Pelvic retroperitoneal echinococcal cyst. a case report

Introduction: Echinococcosis or hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonosis endemic in Chile that poses an important public health concern. It mainly affects the liver and lungs; however, it may involve diverse areas, with the isolated pelvic location being exceptional and difficult to manage. Case presentation: A 41-year-old female consulted the emergency department of a hospital in Chile due to lumbosacral pain and was diagnosed with hydatidosis. The patient received surgical treatment and medication, but the disease recurred twice: the first time, a year after the first intervention, and the second time, two months after the second. Therefore, she required a multidisciplinary approach that included long-term antibiotic therapy and a radical approach to the lesion, achieving an adequate control of the disease. Conclusion: Pelvic echinococcosis is difficult to diagnose due to its low frequency. This disease should be considered in the event of any cystic lesion in endemic areas. A multidisciplinary management reduces possible complications and recurrence.

Introducción. La hidatidosis es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica en Chile que representa un importante problema de salud pública. Esta enfermedad afecta principalmente el hígado y los pulmones; no obstante, su compromiso puede ser diverso, siendo excepcional y de difícil manejo la ubicación pélvica aislada. Presentación del caso. Mujer de 41 años quien consultó al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de Chile por dolor lumbosacro y fue diagnosticada con hidatidosis. La paciente recibió tratamiento quirúrgico y manejo con medicamentos pero presentó recidiva en dos ocasiones, la primera al año de la primera intervención y la segunda a los dos meses de la segunda intervención, por lo que requirió un abordaje multidisciplinario que consistió en un manejo antibiótico prolongado y un abordaje radical de la lesión con el cual se logró un adecuado control de la enfermedad. Conclusión. La hidatidosis pélvica es difícil de diagnosticar dada su baja frecuencia, por lo que su diagnóstico debe considerarse ante cualquier lesión quística en zonas donde esta enfermedad sea endémica. El manejo multidisciplinario de la hidatidosis disminuye posibles complicaciones y recidivas.

Rinorraquia secundaria a meningocele transclival. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea from a transclival meningocele: a case report and literature review

El lugar más común de fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) es el suelo de la fosa craneal anterior, menos comúnmente el seno esfenoidal. Solo el 3-4% de fístulas de LCR son espontáneas. Nosotros presentamos el cuarto caso clínico de rinorraquia secundaria a meningocele transclival, lugar muy poco común de asiento de estas lesiones, y discutimos la vía de abordaje. Varón de 39años, sin antecedentes de traumatismo previo, historia reciente de salida de líquido transparente a través de las ventanas nasales y cuadro de meningitis. La tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética mostraron el defecto óseo clival y meningocele transclival. El defecto fue reparado mediante abordaje endonasal endoscópico transesfenoidal transclival con resultado favorable. A pesar de la rareza del meningocele transclival, se recomienda considerarlo en el diagnóstico diferencial de las fístulas nasales espontáneas. El abordaje endonasal endoscópico es una técnica directa que ofrece resultados satisfactorios en la resolución de rinorrea de LCR

The most common site of CSF leakage is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, and less commonly in the sphenoid sinus. Only 3-4% of CSF fistulas are spontaneous. The fourth case is presented of a CSF rhinorrhea due to a transclival meningocele, an extremely rare location for these lesions, and the surgical approach. The patient is a 39-year-old male with no history of trauma, and a recent history of watery rhinorrhe and meningitis. CT scan and MRI showed clival bone defect and trans-sphenoidal transclival meningocele. The defect was repaired by transclival trans-sphenoidal endoscopic endonasal approach with good results. Despite the rarity of transclival meningocele, it is recommended to consider it in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous nasal fistulas. The endoscopic endonasal approach is a direct technique that provides satisfactory results in the resolution of CSF rhinorrhea

Migración intratorácica de catéter de derivación ventriculoperitoneal: a propósito de un caso / Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter: a case report

Introducción: Las complicaciones intratorácicas secundarias a la colocación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal son infrecuentes, aunque se asocian a graves consecuencias si no son tratadas de forma adecuada. Caso clínico: Describimos un caso de migración intratorácica de un catéter peritoneal tras derivación ventriculoperitoneal y se revisan las escasas referencias en la literatura, con discusión de los posibles mecanismos de penetración en la cavidad torácica. En ninguno de los artículos publicados se describe la presencia de un paciente con estereotomía previa como en nuestro caso. Conclusión: Es recomendable que tras el diagnóstico de la migración descrita, se proceda a un tratamiento precoz de reposicionamiento del catéter que evite complicaciones posteriores de mayor relevancia. Asimismo, durante la colocación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal destacamos la importancia de la palpación permanente del catéter durante la tunelización subcutánea para evitar la migración intratorácica del mismo

Background: The intrathoracic complications from ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement are very rare. However, they are potentially serious if not treated. Clinical case: We report the case of thoracic migration of a peritoneal catheter after ventriculoperitoneal shunt and we also review the literature references with discussion of the different mechanisms of shunt-tip migration described. No case of previous sternotomy as in our patient has been found published. Conclusion: All reports recommend early catheter repositioning into the peritoneal cavity after diagnosing the migration described, to prevent worse complications. Moreover, it is important to keep in mind that intrathoracic migration can happen and it is necessary to palpate the catheter continuously during passage through subcutaneous tunnelling to prevent it

[Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea from a transclival meningocele: A case report and literature review]. / Rinorraquia secundaria a meningocele transclival. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

The most common site of CSF leakage is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, and less commonly in the sphenoid sinus. Only 3-4% of CSF fistulas are spontaneous. The fourth case is presented of a CSF rhinorrhea due to a transclival meningocele, an extremely rare location for these lesions, and the surgical approach. The patient is a 39-year-old male with no history of trauma, and a recent history of watery rhinorrhe and meningitis. CT scan and MRI showed clival bone defect and trans-sphenoidal transclival meningocele. The defect was repaired by transclival trans-sphenoidal endoscopic endonasal approach with good results. Despite the rarity of transclival meningocele, it is recommended to consider it in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous nasal fistulas. The endoscopic endonasal approach is a direct technique that provides satisfactory results in the resolution of CSF rhinorrhea.

[Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter: a case report]. / Migración intratorácica de catéter de derivación ventriculoperitoneal: a propósito de un caso.

BACKGROUND: The intrathoracic complications from ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement are very rare. However, they are potentially serious if not treated. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of thoracic migration of a peritoneal catheter after ventriculoperitoneal shunt and we also review the literature references with discussion of the different mechanisms of shunt-tip migration described. No case of previous sternotomy as in our patient has been found published. CONCLUSION: All reports recommend early catheter repositioning into the peritoneal cavity after diagnosing the migration described, to prevent worse complications. Moreover, it is important to keep in mind that intrathoracic migration can happen and it is necessary to palpate the catheter continuously during passage through subcutaneous tunnelling to prevent it.

Breast papillary lesions: an analysis of 70 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Papillary breast lesions are rare and constitute less than 10% of benign breast lesions and less than 1% of breast carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, and surgical and anatomopathological characteristics of the patients operated on for papillary breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive and analytical study. We analysed the database of patients with definitive histopathological diagnosis of papillary breast lesions operated on at our institution from January 2004 to May 2013. RESULTS: During the period described, 70 patients with histopathological diagnosis of papillary breast lesions were operated upon. The median age was 50 years (19-86 years). Thirty-seven patients (52.8%) were symptomatic at diagnosis. Preoperative ultrasound was reported to be altered in all patients. A mammography showed pathologic findings in only 50% of cases. All patients underwent partial mastectomy, after needle localisation under ultrasound, if the lesion was not palpable on physical examination. The final pathological diagnosis was: benign papillary lesion in 55 patients (78.6%) and malignant in 15 patients (21.4%). Adjuvant treatment was performed in all malignant cases. Median follow-up was 46 months (3-115 months). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with papillary breast lesions presented with symptoms in half of all cases. There was a high frequency of malignancy (21.4%), therefore surgical resection was recommended for papillary breast lesions.

Paquimeningitis hipertrófica crónica: presentación de 2 casos / No disponible

La paquimeningitis hipertrófica crónica (PHC) es un proceso inflamatorio de etiología desconocida que se caracteriza por afectar a la duramadre, provocando un crecimiento pseudotumoral de la misma. La clínica de presentación es consecuencia del efecto compresivo sobre estructuras neurológicas aunque en ocasiones se manifiesta por síntomas irritativos. El diagnóstico se realiza por exclusión de causas infecciosas, neoplásicas y autoinmunes fundamentalmente. El tratamiento esteroideo se considera la terapia más utilizada hoy en día. Se presentan 2 casos clínicos de PHC en los que se practicó resección quirúrgica de la lesión sin precisar posteriormente tratamiento coadyuvante dada la favorable evolución clínica y radiológica (AU)

[Chronic hypertrophic pachymeningitis: 2 clinical cases are presented]. / Paquimeningitis hipertrófica crónica: presentación de 2 casos.

Chronic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is an inflammatory process of unknown aetiology characterised by a thickening of the dura mater causing pseudotumoural growth. Clinical manifestations are usually secondary to compression of adjacent neurological structures but may be also secondary to inflammatory processes. Diagnosis is mainly obtained by excluding infectious, neoplastic and autoimmune causes. Nowadays, steroid treatment is the most commonly used therapy. Two clinical cases of hypertrophic pachymeningitis are presented which were treated by surgery without any additional treatment and with good clinical and radiological development.