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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 51(2): 158-63, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23693103

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: seroepidemiological surveys suggest that approximately 20 % of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. It is necessary to detect congenital rubella cases. Our objective was to determine the frequency of perinatal infection by rubella virus (RV) in infants with congenital heart disease. METHODS: prospective, cross-sectional study. We studied hospitalized and outpatients from September 2007 to December 2008. Neonates and infants under one year of age with congenital heart disease were included. A blood sample of 3 mL was taken from mother-child binomial and micro-ELISA for IgG and IgM against rubella were performed. RESULTS: 80 patients were studied, 56 % were female, with a median age of 3 months. More frequent congenital heart disease was ventricular septal defect (28.5 %), followed by atrial septal defect (17.5 %). Median maternal age was 28 years old. A history of febrile illness and rash during pregnancy was positive in 1.25 %. 7 cases of perinatal infection by RV were detected, three met the criteria for congenital rubella syndrome, and four had only congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: the search for cases of congenital rubella syndrome in newborns and infants with heart disease could be used as a strategy to detect non-obvious cases.


Introducción: las encuestas seroepidemiológicas sugieren que 20 % de las mujeres en edad fértil es susceptible a la rubéola. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de infección perinatal por el virus de la rubéola en lactantes con cardiopatía congénita. Métodos: estudio prospectivo y transversal de niños menores de un año de edad con diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita. Se tomaron 3 mL de sangre al binomio madre-hijo y se realizó ELISA de micropartículas para anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra la rubéola. Resultados: se estudiaron 80 pacientes con edad de tres meses; 56 % era del sexo femenino. Las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes fueron las comunicaciones interventricular (28.5 %) y la interauricular (17.5 %). La mediana de la edad materna fue de 28 años; 1.25 % de las madres tuvo antecedente de enfermedad febril y exantema durante el embarazo. Se detectaron siete casos (8.75 %) de infección perinatal por el virus de la rubéola, tres cumplieron el criterio de síndrome de rubéola congénita y cuatro de cardiopatía. Conclusiones: se sugiere buscar rubéola congénita en los recién nacidos y lactantes con cardiopatías, como una estrategia para detectar los casos no obvios.


Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Diseases/congenital , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Rubella/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Breast Feeding , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Heart Diseases/complications , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Rubella/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology , Young Adult
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