ABSTRACT
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad prevalente en la población colombiana, que característicamente tiene un deterioro progresivo y altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Solo del 15% al 20% de los pacientes con antecedente de tabaquismo desarrollan la enfermedad, por lo que factores ambientales y genéticos adicionales influyen en su progresión. De las causas infecciosas que han tomado importancia, el Pneumocystis jiroveái, un hongo ubicuo que entra en contacto con la vía aérea de los humanos desde la infancia, es causa de neumonía en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Se han descrito tasas elevadas de colonización en pacientes con EPOC, que aumentan con la severidad de la enfermedad. EPOC e infección por P jiroveái parecen compartir una respuesta inmunológica similar; lo cual podría explicar el papel de la colonización por el hongo en su progresión y gravedad.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent disease in our population, which characteristically has a Progressive deterioration and alters the quality of Iife of patients. Only 15-20% of patients with a history of smoking develop the disease, so there are additional environmental and genetic factors that influence the progression of the disease. Of the infectious causes that have taken importance is Pneumocystis jiroveái, this is a ubiquitous fungus that comes into contact with the airway of humans since childhood and is a cause of pneumonía in immunosuppressed patients. In addition, high rates of colonization have been reported in patients with COPD, which increase with the severity of the disease. COPD and P jiroveái infection appear to share a similar immune response, which may explain the role of fungal colonization in the progression and severity of the disease.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology , Pneumocystis carinii/classificationABSTRACT
La actividad epiléptica (AE) está relacionada con el ciclo sueño vigilia. Se ha demostrado que la AE se incrementa durante las etapas II y III del sueño y disminuye o desaparece durante el sueño REM. En 1971 Patry y colaboradores describieron en niños el estado epiléptico eléctrico y subclínico inducido por el sueño, nombre que posteriormente fue cambiado por el de epilepsia con espigas y ondas continuas durante el sueño lento. Para confirmar el diagnóstico, el índice de espiga-onda debe ser mayor del 85/100
Subject(s)
Epilepsy , Sleep, REM , ColombiaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether apparently healthy subjects with a family history of systemic hypertension have a higher risk of presenting the insulin resistance syndrome. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and eighty-six subjects aged 20-65 years. SETTING: A middle socio-economic class urban community from Mexico City. METHOD: All subjects and, when necessary, their first-degree relatives, answered a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination with measurement of height, weight and blood pressure. Serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured during fasting and 2 h after an oral load of 75 g glucose. RESULTS: A family history of systemic hypertension was present for 167 (43%) of the subjects, of whom 123 (31%) were obese. Subjects with a family history of hypertension had higher systolic blood pressures than did those without such a history (120 +/- 15 versus 115 +/- 10 mmHg). In the logistic regression model, the body mass index and age showed statistically significant effects on the fasting glucose:insulin ratio and on serum insulin levels after an oral load of glucose. When men and women were analysed separately, only in men were higher systolic and mean blood pressures and lower glucose:insulin ratios observed. In the logistic regression analysis the body mass index was a significant predictor of the glucose:insulin ratio and serum insulin levels after an oral load of glucose, especially in men. CONCLUSION: Apparently healthy male offspring of hypertensive parents have higher blood pressure levels and lower insulin sensitivities than do offspring of normotensive parents. Insulin resistance was related to obesity, but not to a family history of hypertension, as had previously been reported by other research groups.
