Correction to: Induced surface proteins of Staphylococcus epidermidis adhering to titanium implant substrata.

There is a mistake in the original published version of this article. The word 'Streptococcus' in the article title should have been 'Staphylococcus'.

Induced surface proteins of Staphylococcus [corrected] epidermidis adhering to titanium implant substrata.

OBJECTIVE: Staphylococcus epidermidis, as a primary colonizer, is strongly associated with infections of (dental) implants (i.e., peri-implantitis), but little is known about the surface proteome of this bacterium. For the identification of bacterial adhesins, this study investigated the surface proteome of S. epidermidis adhering directly to titanium implant substrata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. epidermidis strain ATTC 35984 was cultured either planktonically or on titanium implant specimens. The surface proteomes were isolated by mutanolysin digestion, and proteins were separated by 2D gel electrophoreses to reveal highly expressed proteins only. Protein spots were visualized by silver staining and proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Surface proteome analyses of S. epidermidis on titanium identified six expressed proteins. Three proteins were highly expressed on the titanium implants including accumulation-associated protein Q8CQD9. These specific proteins could be potential pathogenicity factors of bacteria in peri-implant biofilms. CONCLUSION: For the first time, our study identified S. epidermidis surface proteins, which are expressed after adhesion to titanium implant materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study reveals possible candidates for a newly protein-based vaccine against peri-implantitis.

A practice-based clinical evaluation of the survival and success of metal-ceramic and zirconia molar crowns: 5-year results.

This practice-based study evaluates the survival and success of conventionally luted metal-ceramic and zirconia molar crowns fabricated by using a prolonged cooling period for the veneering porcelain. Fifty-three patients were treated from 07/2008 to 07/2009 with either metal-ceramic crowns (MCC) or zirconia crowns (ZC). Forty-five patients (26 female) with 91 restorations (obser-vational period: 64.0 ± 4.8 months) participated in a clinical follow-up examination and were included in the study. Estimated cumulative survival (ECSv), success (ECSc) and veneering ceramic success (ECVCSc) were calculated (Kaplan-Meier) and analysed by the crown fabrication technique and the position of the restoration (Cox regression model) (P < 0.05). Five complete failures (MCC: 2, ZC: 3) were recorded (5-year ECSv: MCC: 97.6%, (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): [93%; 100%]/ZC: 94.0%, (95%-CI): [87%; 100%]). Of the MCCs (n = 41), 85.0%, [95%-CI: (77%; 96%)] remained event-free, whereas the ECSc for the ZCs (n = 50) was 74.3% (95%-CI): [61%; 87%]. No significant differences in ECSv (P = 0.51), ECSc (P = 0.43) and ECVCSc (P = 0.36) were detected between the two fabrication techniques. Restorations placed on terminal abutments (n = 44) demonstrated a significantly lower ECVCSc (P = 0.035), (5-year VCF-rate: 14.8%) than crowns placed on tooth-neighboured abutments (n = 47), (5-year VCF-rate: 4.3%). In the present study, zirconia molar crowns demonstrated a 5-year ECSv, ECSc and ECVCSc comparable to MCCs. Irrespective of the fabrication technique, crowns on terminal abutments bear a significantly increased risk for VCFs. Clinical investigations with an increased number of restorations are needed.

The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis.

Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for tooth replacement. Approximately 30% of patients with dental implants develop peri-implantitis, which is an oral inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the supporting tissues, predominately the bone. For the development of future therapeutic strategies, it is essential to understand the molecular pathophysiology of human dental peri-implant infections. Here, we describe the gene and protein expression patterns of peri-implantitis bone tissue compared with healthy peri-implant bone tissue. Furthermore, cells from the osteoblastic lineage derived from peri-implantitis samples were immortalized and characterized. We applied microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Western blot analyses. The levels of typical bone matrix molecules, including SPP1, BGLAP, and COL9A1, in patients with peri-implantitis were reduced, while the inflammation marker interleukin 8 (IL8) was highly expressed. RUNX2, one of the transcription factors of mature osteoblasts, was also decreased in peri-implantitis. Finally, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalized cell line from peri-implantitis exhibited a more fibro-osteoblastic character than did the healthy control.

Prolonged colonic manometry in children with defecatory disorders.

OBJECTIVES: Colonic manometry is a test used in the evaluation of children with defecation disorders unresponsive to conventional treatment. The most commonly reported protocol in pediatrics consists of a study that lasts approximately 4 hours. Given the wide physiological variations in colonic motility throughout the day, longer observation may detect clinically relevant information. The aim of the present study was to compare prolonged colonic manometry studies in children referred for colonic manometry with the more traditional short water-perfused technology. METHODS: Colonic manometry studies of 19 children (8 boys, mean age 9.4 ± 0.9, range 3.9-16.3) with severe defecation disorders were analyzed. First, a "standard test" was performed with at least 1-hour fasting, 1-hour postprandial, and 1-hour postbisacodyl provocation recording. Afterwards, recordings continued until the next day. RESULTS: In 2 of the 19 children, prolonged recording gave us extra information. In 1 patient with functional nonretentive fecal incontinence who demonstrated no abnormalities in the short recording, 2 long clusters of high-amplitude contractions were noted in the prolonged study, possibly contributing to the fecal incontinence. In another patient evaluated after failing use of antegrade enemas through a cecostomy, short recordings showed colonic activity only in the most proximal part of the colon, whereas the prolonged study showed normal motility over a larger portion of the colon. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged colonic measurement provides more information regarding colonic motor function and allows detection of motor events missed by the standard shorter manometry study.

Solid-state vs water-perfused catheters to measure colonic high-amplitude propagating contractions.

BACKGROUND: Solid-state (SS) manometry catheters with portable data loggers offer many potential advantages over traditional water-perfused (WP) systems, such as prolonged recordings in a more physiologic ambulatory setting and the lack of risk for water overload. The use of SS catheters has not been evaluated in comparison with perfused catheters in children. This study aims to compare data provided by SS and WP catheters in children undergoing colonic manometry studies. METHODS: A SS catheter and a WP catheter were taped together such that their corresponding sensors were at the same location. Simultaneous recordings were obtained using the SS and WP catheters (both 8 channels, 10 cm apart) in 15 children with severe defecation disorders referred for colonic manometry. Signals were recorded for a minimum of 1 h during fasting, 1 h after ingestion of a meal, and 1 h after the administration of bisacodyl. Solid-state signals from the data logger were analyzed against the perfused signals. All high-amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs), the most recognizable and interpreted colonic motor event, were evaluated for spatial and temporal features including their durations, amplitudes, and propagation velocities. KEY RESULTS: A total of 107 HAPCs were detected with SS and 91 with WP catheters. All WP-HAPC were also observed with SS. Linear regression analysis showed that SS catheters tended to give higher readings in the presence of amplitudes <102 mmHg and lower reading with amplitudes >102 mmHg. An opposite trend was found for the duration of contractions. No significant difference was found for HAPC velocity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: SS catheters are more sensitive in recording HAPCs in children with defecation disorders compared with the more traditional WP assembly. There is a difference in measurements of amplitude between the two systems. Solid-state catheters offer potential advantages over WP catheters in children, being portable, safer to use, and may provide data over a more prolonged period.

Interrelationship between colonic muscularis mucosae activity and changes in transmucosal potential difference.

This in vitro study investigated the relationship between rabbit colonic muscularis mucosae motor activity and changes in transmucosal potential difference. Spontaneous muscle contractions and potential difference oscillations occurred independently and were not neurally driven. ACh and histamine directly stimulated the muscularis mucosae, but their mucosal effects were largely indirect, suggesting that muscularis mucosae contractions promote epithelial secretion. 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium iodide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induced large potential difference changes but small muscularis mucosae contractions, demonstrating mucosal secretion without significant muscle activity. Lowered intraluminal pH directly stimulated the muscle, whereas a bile salt-lipid mixture evoked TTX- and atropine-sensitive increases in its contractile activity. Increased intraluminal pressure and hypertonic luminal perfusion did not elicit muscularis mucosae excitation. Thus under basal conditions muscle and mucosal activities are independent, but evoked muscularis mucosae contractions can stimulate epithelial secretion. In response to specific luminal stimuli, muscularis mucosae motor activity is increased via the activation of cholinergic nerves. These data suggest that muscularis mucosae and mucosal functions are physiologically linked and that their activities can be coordinated by multiple mechanisms.