Multiplanar Assembly Mammaplasty Based on the Divine Proportion.

BACKGROUND: The study sought to plan mastopexy and breast reduction according to the principle of the divine proportion, represented by the letter phi, via the convergent assembly of multiple layers to create the new breast. This strategy is based on the constancy of the submammary fold and the orientation of the vertex of a V-shaped triangle opening at approximately 60° at the umbilicus, with each branch opening in the direction of the acromioclavicular joint. METHODS: The strategy was prospectively investigated in 265 patients (n = 530 breasts). The mean patient age was 36 years. The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 220 patients (83%) received a good score (1-4) according to Strasser grading. Complications were few, but included delayed healing with minimal scar ulceration in 19 patients (7%), asymmetry in 16 (6%), and partial nipple necrosis in 4 (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This approach adds precision to mammaplasty, reduces the laxity in the axillary region, promotes bulk in the upper pole, and eases nipple-areola complex elevation.

Ressecção cirúrgica de calcinose sintomática em paciente com esclerose sistêmica / Surgical resection of symptomatic calcinosis in a patient with systemic sclerosis

Introdução: A esclerose sistêmica é uma doença rara, autoimune, com evolução progressiva, que afeta os tecidos conectivos e órgãos internos por inflamação, podendo causar calcinose de subcutâneo. Podem evoluir para quadros dolorosos e incapacitantes, podendo tornar-se infectados, principalmente quando ulceram pela pele. Objetivo: Apresentar caso de calcinose em região inguinal e sua evolução cirúrgica. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina portadora de calcinoses em região inguinal bilateral, apresentando algia moderada/grave com falha de tratamento clínico. Realizada ressecção cirúrgica das calcinoses, que formavam cordões de fibrose com aderência na fáscia do músculo oblíquo externo. Realizado fechamento primário com nylon 2.0 pontos simples subdérmicos e ponto intradérmico continuo nylon 3.0 para fechamento estético e menor reação inflamatória. Boa evolução pós- operatório. Conclusão: O melhor tratamento da calcinoses ainda não é claro. O tratamento das complicações se torna essencial para reduzir a morbidade e aumentar a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a rare, autoimmune, progressive disease that affects connective tissues and internal organs by inflammation, which can cause calcinosis cutis. It can progress to painful and disabling conditions, and can become infected, especially when skin ulceration is present. Objective: To present a case of calcinosis in the inguinal region and its surgical recovery. Case Report: A female patient with calcinosis in the bilateral inguinal region presenting with moderate/severe pain had a failed clinical treatment. We performed surgical resection of the calcinosis cutis, which had formed clusters of fibrosis with adhesion to the fascia of the external oblique muscle. We used simple nylon 2.0 sutures along the subdermal plane to perform primary closure and continuous nylon 3.0 sutures along the intradermal plane for aesthetic closure and minimal inflammatory reaction. Her postoperative recovery was positive. Conclusion: The best treatment for calcinosis cutis is still unclear. Treating complications becomes essential for reducing patients' morbidity and increasing their quality of life.

Prognostic factors in patients with pressure sores in a university hospital in southern brazil / Fatores prognósticos em pacientes com úlceras de pressão em hospital universitário no sul do brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: Despite advances in medical care, patients who are hospitalized or have spinal cord injuries often develop pressure sores. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pressure sores and evaluate factors associated with recurrence and cure. Methods: In this historical cohort study, clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records between 1997 and 2016. Results: Sixty individuals with pressure ulcers were included; mean patient age was 38.1±16.5 (37.0) years, 83.3% were men, and 86.8% identified as white. Most patients (85.1%) had paraplegia, amputation, or trauma of the lower limbs with motor sequelae; the remainder (14.9%) were quadriplegic. Most (78.3%) underwent surgery, and the mean follow-up time was 1.8±2.5 years. The lesions were cured in 25 patients; they recurred in 25% of the patients, and recurrence was seen to be associated with the location of the lesions. Patients with recurrent lesions had more medical consultations and a longer treatment time. Individuals whose ulcers had healed had fewer lesions, higher body mass index (BMI), and a higher proportion of these patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: BMI and location and number of lesions are prognostic factors. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apesar do progresso dos cuidados médicos, os pacientes hospitalizados ou com lesões medulares frequentemente desenvolvem úlceras de pressão. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características epidemiológicas das úlceras de pressão e avaliar os fatores associados à recorrência e à cura. Métodos: Neste estudo de coorte histórico, foram coletados dados clínicos e laboratoriais de prontuários médicos de 1997 a 2016. Resultados: Sessenta indivíduos com úlceras de pressão foram incluídos. A média de idade dos pacientes foi 38,1 ± 16,5 (37,0) anos, 83,3% eram homens e 86,8% foram identificados como brancos. A maioria dos pacientes (85,1%) tinha paraplegia, amputação ou trauma nos membros inferiores com sequelas motoras; os restantes (14,9%) eram tetraplégicos. A maioria dos pacientes (78,3%) foi submetida à cirurgia e o tempo médio de acompanhamento foi 1,8±2,5 anos. A cicatrização das lesões foi observada em 25 pacientes; houve recorrência em 25% dos pacientes e verificou-se que estavam associadas à localização das lesões. Os pacientes com lesões recorrentes tinham maior número de consultas médicas e maior tempo de tratamento. Os indivíduos cujas úlceras cicatrizaram tinham menos lesões, maior índice de massa corporal (IMC) e maior proporção deles foi submetida à cirurgia. Conclusões: O IMC, a localização e o número de lesões são fatores prognósticos. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer: comparative analysis of early and delayed reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Early reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer with definitive implants has been widely used, especially with the evolution of conservative surgical breast cancer treatments. We aimed to identify different characteristics associated with plastic surgery, based on immediate or delayed reconstruction time and evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing mastectomy for cancer. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study that evaluated adult patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer and breast reconstruction in Plastic Surgery Service at a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Between March 2011 and November 2015, 58 patients who underwent mastectomy were included, with a mean age of 51.6±10.6 years and 98.3% of them being women. Eighty percent of the patients underwent a radical mastectomy and 20% underwent segmentectomies. Immediate and delayed surgical reconstructions occurred in 22.4% and 77.6% of the cases, respectively, including immediate reconstruction with the local flap trade (15.5%), immediate reconstruction with prosthesis (6.9%), transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap (6.9%), delayed reconstruction with local flap (8.6%), expander and prosthesis (35.7%), and reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap and prosthesis (22.4%). When comparing subjects undergoing reconstructive surgery based on timing of reconstruction, it was observed that patients undergoing delayed breast reconstruction surgery presented a higher proportion of radical mastectomy (90.7% vs. 41.7%; P=0.001) and the need for two or more surgical interventions (64.1% vs. 20.0%; P=0.029). There was no difference in the quality of life according to reconstruction time. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics associated with postmastectomy reconstruction timing are related to preoperative factors such as the procedure employed and the number of interventions performed and have no influence on complications or the quality of life.

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH PRESSURE SORES IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in medical care, patients who are hospitalized or have spinal cord injuries often develop pressure sores. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pressure sores and evaluate factors associated with recurrence and cure. METHODS: In this historical cohort study, clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records between 1997 and 2016. RESULTS: Sixty individuals with pressure ulcers were included; mean patient age was 38.1±16.5 (37.0) years, 83.3% were men, and 86.8% identified as white. Most patients (85.1%) had paraplegia, amputation, or trauma of the lower limbs with motor sequelae; the remainder (14.9%) were quadriplegic. Most (78.3%) underwent surgery, and the mean follow-up time was 1.8±2.5 years. The lesions were cured in 25 patients; they recurred in 25% of the patients, and recurrence was seen to be associated with the location of the lesions. Patients with recurrent lesions had more medical consultations and a longer treatment time. Individuals whose ulcers had healed had fewer lesions, higher body mass index (BMI), and a higher proportion of these patients underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: BMI and location and number of lesions are prognostic factors. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: Apesar do progresso dos cuidados médicos, os pacientes hospitalizados ou com lesões medulares frequentemente desenvolvem úlceras de pressão. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características epidemiológicas das úlceras de pressão e avaliar os fatores associados à recorrência e à cura. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo de coorte histórico, foram coletados dados clínicos e laboratoriais de prontuários médicos de 1997 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Sessenta indivíduos com úlceras de pressão foram incluídos. A média de idade dos pacientes foi 38,1 ± 16,5 (37,0) anos, 83,3% eram homens e 86,8% foram identificados como brancos. A maioria dos pacientes (85,1%) tinha paraplegia, amputação ou trauma nos membros inferiores com sequelas motoras; os restantes (14,9%) eram tetraplégicos. A maioria dos pacientes (78,3%) foi submetida à cirurgia e o tempo médio de acompanhamento foi 1,8±2,5 anos. A cicatrização das lesões foi observada em 25 pacientes; houve recorrência em 25% dos pacientes e verificou-se que estavam associadas à localização das lesões. Os pacientes com lesões recorrentes tinham maior número de consultas médicas e maior tempo de tratamento. Os indivíduos cujas úlceras cicatrizaram tinham menos lesões, maior índice de massa corporal (IMC) e maior proporção deles foi submetida à cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: O IMC, a localização e o número de lesões são fatores prognósticos. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Treatment of Skin Depression with Combined Upward Suture Traction and Percutaneous Subcision.

UNLABELLED: Scar retraction and soft-tissue depression may compromise aesthetics and cause social embarrassment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treating soft-tissue depressions or retractions at varied anatomy regions with combined upward suture traction and percutaneous subcision. METHODS: There were 40 patients (age: mean, 39 years; range, 22-55 years; 39 women and 1 man) (total, 77 soft-tissue lesions) who had treatment with the present technique from 1996 to 2013. Postoperative follow-up was from 6 months to 2 years. The treated anatomic areas were evaluated in 5 groups: (1) face (8 patients; 8 lesions); (2) gluteal (16 patients; 46 lesions); (3) breast (7 patients; 10 lesions); (4) abdomen (7 patients; 7 lesions); and (5) lower limb (2 patients; 6 lesions). The technique included placing a 2-0 nylon monofilament suture deep at the core of the depression, pulling vertically up with the suture, and using a needle or miniblade (placed percutaneously or through a small incision) to release the adhesions. RESULTS: The depressions were released successfully in all patients. Bruises around treated areas persisted for 2-3 weeks. Moderate induration persisted until 3 months. In the gluteal region, 6 patients who had retracted areas with diameter >5 cm developed seroma after treatment; the seromas resolved after needle aspiration or placement of a Penrose drain for 2 weeks (2 patients). CONCLUSION: The present results confirmed the efficacy of the combined subcision method with upward traction at diverse body sites as previously reported for inverted nipple in the breast.

Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression positively modulates the characteristics of periprosthetic tissue of polyurethane-coated silicone breast implant in rats.

BACKGROUND: Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications associated with silicone breast implants. The surface of the implant is one of the factors often associated with the occurrence of capsular contracture. In this study, the authors evaluated the differences in morphologic and molecular characteristics of the capsule formed around polyurethane-coated versus textured-surface silicone implants in rats, mainly the modifications in angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS: A pocket was performed on the animal's back, where the silicone implants were introduced. Two groups of animals received a polyurethane-coated silicone implant and the other groups received a textured-surface silicone implant, and the capsules around the prostheses were submitted to histologic and immunohistochemistry analysis, 30 or 90 days after surgery. RESULTS: The capsules around the polyurethane-coated silicone prostheses were significantly thicker than the textured-surface silicone implants. Furthermore, the layer adjacent to the polyurethane-coated silicone implants was more cellular and irregular than the layer around the textured-surface silicone implants. Textured implant periprosthetic capsules presented fewer inflammatory cells and less vascularization than the polyurethane-coated silicone implants. The collagen layer of periprosthetic tissue of textured implants appears to be more continuous and aligned in parallel fashion than polyurethane-coated implants. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high levels of transforming growth factor-ß and VEGF in the capsules around the polyurethane-coated silicone implants when compared with the textured-surface silicone implants. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the intense VEGF expression in capsules around the polyurethane-coated silicone implant is able to improve the tissue vascularization, resulting in a softer capsule compared with the textured-surface silicone implant.

Tratamento da hidradenite supurativa por excisão em monobloco / Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa en bloc excision

A hidradenite supurativa é definida como doença crônica, supurativa, bacteriana, que compromete as glândulas sudoríparas. Em sua grande maioria esta presente no períneo, região glútea e escrotal. Este trabalho vem relatar um caso de hidradenite supurativa com tratamento cirúrgico proposto de excisão em monobloco, e tem por objetivo nortear uma possível conduta atualizada para pacientes com esta afecção.

The hidradenitis suppurativa is defined as chronic, suppurative bacterial infection, which affects the sweat glands. The vast majority is present in the perineum, buttocks and scrotum. This work has been reporting a caseof hidradenitis suppurativa with surgical treatment of en bloc excision, and aims to guide conduct a possible date for patients with this disease.

Comparação entre abdominoplastia convencional e lipoabdominoplastia / Asdominoplasty versus lipoabdominoplasty

Introdução: Desde sua primeira publicação em 2001 por Saldanha, a técnica de lipoabdominoplastia possibilitou a associação das técnicas de lipoaspiração e abdominoplastia com indicação ampla.Objetivo: Comparar a técnica de abdominoplastia clássica e lipoabdominoplastia. Método: Foram comparados, quanto a complicações cirúrgicas, duas séries de casos ( 10 pacientes cada grupo ) operados pela técnica de abdominoplastia clássica e lipoabdominoplastia. Resultados: No grupo da abdominoplastia clássica observou-se 2 casos de seroma e um caso de necrose da porção distal do retalho, e no grupo da lipoabdominoplastia, 2 casos de seroma. Conclusão: Não foi observado maior número de complicações cirúrgicas na lipoabdominoplastia comvencional se comparado com a abdominoplastia clássica.

Background: Since its first publication in 2001 by Saldanha, the technique of lipoabdominoplasty enabled the association of the techniques of liposuction and abdominoplasty with wide surgical indication. Objective: To compare the techniques of classical abdominoplasty winth lipoabdominoplastia. Methods: We compared, for surgical complications, two sets of cases (10 patients each group) operated by the classical abdominoplasty and lipoabdominoplasty. Results: In the classic abdominoplasty group was observed 2 cases of seroma and one case of necrosis of the distal portion of the flap, and, in the lipoabdominoplastia group, 2 cases of seroma. Conclusion: There was no greater number of surgical complications in lipoabdominoplasty compared to the classic abdominoplasty.

Histological study on acute inflammatory reaction to polyurethane-coated silicone implants in rats.

PURPOSE: Evaluating histologically the silicone peri-implant coated by polyurethane inflammation associated to the use of anti-microbial and bacterial contamination. METHODS: It was used 35 Wistar rats. The animals were divided in seven groups: I - Control; II - implant cavity contamination with 10 bacteria/ml; III - implant cavity contamination with 10 bacteria/ml; IV - implant cavity contamination with 10 bacteria/ml; V - identical contamination to group II and implant immersions in anti-microbial solution; VI - identical contamination in group III and implant immersions in the anti-microbial solution; VII - identical contamination of group IV and implant immersions in anti-microbial solution. It was evaluated morphometrically the peri-implant capsules after 30 days of introduction. RESULTS: The factors with more discriminating power were the giants cells of a strange body and the mononuclear. There was no correlation between the bacterial concentrations and the histological alterations. CONCLUSION: 1) The histological standard of the inflammatory reaction around the silicone implant coated with polyurethan is chronic granulomatosis type of a strange body; 2) There isn't correlation between concentration of Staphylococcus epidermidis and histological changes; 3) The use of anti-microbial solution decreased the mononuclear cell reactions, with the increase of giant cells in a strange body.

Histological study on acute inflammatory reaction to polyurethane-coated silicone implants in rats

PURPOSE: Evaluating histologically the silicone peri-implant coated by polyurethane inflammation associated to the use of anti-microbial and bacterial contamination. METHODS: It was used 35 Wistar rats. The animals were divided in seven groups: I - Control; II - implant cavity contamination with10 bacteria/ml; III - implant cavity contamination with 10 bacteria/ml; IV - implant cavity contamination with 10 bacteria/ml; V - identical contamination to group II and implant immersions in anti-microbial solution; VI - identical contamination in group III and implant immersions in the anti-microbial solution; VII - identical contamination of group IV and implant immersions in anti-microbial solution. It was evaluated morphometrically the peri-implant capsules after 30 days of introduction. RESULTS: The factors with more discriminating power were the giants cells of a strange body and the mononuclear. There was no correlation between the bacterial concentrations and the histological alterations. CONCLUSION: 1) The histological standard of the inflammatory reaction around the silicone implant coated with polyurethan is chronic granulomatosis type of a strange body; 2) There isn´t correlation between concentration of Staphylococcus epidermidis and histological changes; 3) The use of anti-microbial solution decreased the mononuclear cell reactions, with the increase of giant cells in a strange body.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, histologicamente, a reação inflamatória aos implantes de silicone revestidos por poliuretano, com contaminação bacteriana, associada ou não ao uso de antimicrobianos. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 35 ratos Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em 7 grupos: I- Controle, II- contaminação da cavidade do implante com 10¹ bactérias/ml, III- contaminação da cavidade do implante com 10³ bactérias/ml, IV- contaminação da cavidade do implante com 10(5) bactérias/ml, V- contaminação idêntica ao grupo II e imersão dos implantes em solução antimicrobiana, VI- contaminação idêntica do grupo III e imersão dos implantes em solução antimicrobiana, VII- contaminação idêntica do grupo IV e imersão dos implantes em solução antimicrobiana. Avaliou-se morfometricamente as cápsulas peri-implantes após 30 dias da introdução. RESULTADOS: Os fatores com maior poder discriminante foram as células gigantes de corpo estranho e os mononucleares. Não houve correlação entre as concentrações bacterianas e as alterações histológicas. CONCLUSÕES: 1) O padrão histológico da reação inflamatória ao redor dos implantes de silicone revestidos com poliuretano é do tipo crônica granulomatosa de corpo estranho; 2) Não há correlação entre a concentração de bactérias Staphylococcus epidermidis e as alterações morfométricas; 3) O uso de solução antimicrobiana diminui a reação de células mononucleares, com aumento de células gigantes de corpo estranho.

Reconstrução nasal com retalho frontal: nossa experiência / Nasal reconstruction with forehead flap: our experience

Introdução: o pai da reconstrução nasal foi Sushuta Samhita que criou a técnica do retalho frontal (retalho indiano) para reparação do nariz amputado como punição ao crime de adultério. (Índia,1000-2000a.C). Objetivos: o estudo visa uma auto-avaliação da técnica de reconstrução nasal com retalho frontal e análise dos resultados obtidos em nosso serviço. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de nove casos de reconstrução nasal com retalho frontal realizados no Núcleo de Cirurgia Plásticado HUda Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina de Setembro de 2002 a Dezembro de 2006. Resultados: das nove reconstruções nasais com retalho frontal, uma evoluiu com necrose distal do retalho, uma com necrose total e os sete demais com boa evolução. Atualmente os nove pacientes já foram submetidos ao segundo tempo cirúrgico com secção do pedículo e transposição da região proximal do mesmo para região frontal. Discussão: as indicações de reconstrução nasal parciais dacorrem de múltiplas causas, dentre elas, principalmente após ressecção de tumores e após traumas. Normalmente as reconstruções são realizadas em mais de uma etapa até o refinamento e melhor resultado final. No estudo, dos nove casos, oito foram após tratamento de tumores nasais e um após trauma. Em dois casos fez-se necessário o uso do retalho nasogeniano para reconstituição do forro nasal, e, em um caso foi necessário o uso de enxerto de cartilagem conchal para molde do nariz. Foram utilizados pelo menos dois tempos cirúrgicos para reconstrução nasal. Conclusão: a reconstrução nasal visa o restabelecimento de sua unidade estética o mais próximo do natural. Isto posto, em virtude de sua cor e textura, a pele da região frontal consiste na melhor área doadora para retalhos utilizados na reconstrução nasal.

Background: the father of the nasal reconstruction was Sushuta Samhita who created the technique of the forehead flap for mending of nose amputated as a punish mentto the crime ofadultery.(Índia1000-2000b.C) Objectives: the study aims at an auto - evaluation of the technique of the nasal reconstruction with the forehead flap and also an analysis of the results obtained in our service. Methods: It was carried out a retrospective study of nine cases of nasal reconstruction with the forehead flap, which has been made in the Nucleus of Plastic Surgery of the HU of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Results: one of the nine nasal reconstruction with forehead flap evolved with distal necrosis of the flap, one with total necrosis and the other seven had good evolve. At present, the nine patients have already been in the surgical second stage with the section of the pedicle. Discussion: the partial indications of nasal reconstruction result from multiple causes, among them, mainly after resection of tumors and after traumas. Usually the reconstruction is carried out in more than one stage up to the refinement and better final result. In the study, eight cases were made after a treatment of nasal tumours and one case after a trauma. In two cases it was necessary to use the nasolabial flap to reconstruction of the inner of the nose. One case was necessary to use a cartilage conchal graft to shape the nose. At least, two surgical stages were used to reconstruction nasal. Conclusion: among the possibilities of nasal reconstruction the one which was carried out with the forehead flap is the most suitable because of managing to restore the unity of aesthetic nasal near the natural appearance.

Uso do retalho miocutâneo vertical posterior do músculo trapézio para cobertura de defeitos após ressecção radical de tumores de orelha / The use of trapezius musculocutaneous posterior vertical flap for covarage of defects after radicall resection of ear tumors

Introdução: o trapézio é um músculo que, dividindo-se em três terços, pode-se utilizar seus dois terços inferiores para confecção de um retalho. O uso deste retalho é bem indicado nas reconstruções de defeitos na cabeça, pescoço e dorso torácico superior. Objetivo: demonstrar o uso do retalho miocutâneo de trapézio, descrever a técnica empregada, a segurança do pedículo vascular e as complicações do procedimento. Métodos: foi analisada uma série de sete pacientes submetidos à ressecção radical da orelha, por neoplasias malignas, nos quais optou-se, para a reconstrução dos defeitos resultantes, pelo uso do retalho de músculo trapézio. Resultados: todos pacientes evoluíram clinicamente bem, semnenhumcasodecomplicaçãomaior,ouseja,necrose do retalho e duas complicações menores, de deiscência suturas parciais, sendo um da área doadora e o outro da área receptora. Houve cobertura satisfatória dos sítios receptores, em todos os casos. Conclusão: o retalho miocutâneo de trapézio demonstrou ter pedículo vascular seguro, com bons resultados funcionais e em complicações maiores e com baixo índice decomplicações menores 28,54.

Background: the trapezius is a muscle separated into three parts, where we use the low two thirds to make the flap. It is useful for reconstructing defects of head, neck and upper posterior thorax. Objective: to demonstrate the use of trapezius musculocutaneous flap, describe the technique used, the vascular pedicle security and the complications of the procedure. Methods: we studied a serie of seven patients underwent to radical resection of ear due to malignant neoplasia, it was chosen to reconstruct the defects with trapezius muscle flap. Results: the patients clinical evolution were satisfactory, there wasn't any case of total necrosis, there were two minor complications of partial suture deiscence of donor site (1 case) and receptor site (1 case). There was satisfactory coverage in all cases. Conclusion: the trapezius muscle flap demonstrated to be a flap with a vascular pedicle security, there was a good functional result and few minor complications..

Uso da técnica ulnar-bíceps (oberlin) em paralisias altas do plexo braquial: estudo funcional de 20 casos / The use of ulnar-biceps technique's in high paralyses of plexo brachialfunctional study of 20 cases

O autor apresenta 20 casos de paralisia alta do plexo braquial, acometendo as raízes C5, C6 ± C7, tratadas pela neurotização dos fascículos do nervo musculocutâneo que inervam o músculo bíceps braquial por fascículos do nervo ulnar para recuperação da flexão do cotovelo (Técnica de Oberlin).A neurorrafia pode ser executada sem enxertos nervosos de interposição. Em todos os paciente aferiu-se resultado positivo, com início da recuperação funcional aos 5,5 ± 1,7 meses pós- operatórios e flexão do cotovelo contra resistência aos 14,7 ± 5,5 meses depois da cirurgia.A seqüela provocada pela secção dos fascículos doadores do nervo ulnar foram clinicamente desprezíveis quando comparadas ao beneficio proporcionado. O sucesso alcançado pelo procedimento cirúrgico se deu, principalmente, pelo curto espaço de tempo entre o acidente e a cirurgia. Os resultados descritos estão de acordo com os da literatura e reafirmam que a neurotização "Ulnar-Biceps" e o procedimento de escolha para o tratamento cirúrgico das paralisias altas do plexo braquial.

The author presents 20 cases of upper brachial plexus palsies, concerning C5, C6 ± C7 roots, treated by neurotization of the musculocutaneus nerve fascicles innervating the biceps brachial muscle with ulnar nerve fascicles to recover elbow flexion (Oberlin's Technique). The neurorraphy could be executed without interposition of nerve grafts. All the patients had positive result, with beginning of the functional recovery at 5.5 ± 1.7 of postoperative month sandel bow flexi on again stresistance at 14.7 ± 5.5 months after the surgery. The sequel provoked by the sectioned donor fascicles of the ulnar nerve is clinically worthless when compared with the benefit produced. The success reached by the surgical procedure can be mainly given by short gap of time between accident and surgery. The described results are in accordance with the literature and reaffirm that the Ulnar-Biceps neurotization is the first choice procedure for the surgical treatment of the upper brachial plexus palsies.

Simetrização estético funcional da vulva com retalho tubular de coxa interna / Aesthetic and functional vulvar simetrization with tubular flap of the internal thigh

O estudo demonstra a técnica proposta pelos autores na resolução de um quadro dramático de seqüela pubiana pós-traumática, causando assimetria pubiana e desconforto social. Isto porque durante o ato da micção o jato urinário era ejetado na coxa esquerda da paciente. O tratamento consistiu na confecção de um retalho na coxa interna, que após ser desepidermizado e tubulizado e foi introduzido na intimidade do arcabouço cutâneo da labia major. A tática proporcionou além da simetrização anatômica com a lábia major contra-lateral, também a medianização do jato urinário.

In this study a successfully resolution of a pos- traumatic deformity of the unilateral lábia major in a 20 year old woman is demonstrated. The strategy based in a pre-delayd cutaneous flap of the inner thigh that was deepitelized and introduced into the inner part of the labia major cutaneous tunnel. The result showed a good symmetry of the pubis with medianization of the urinary stream. The authors proposed this technique to treat similar deformity and as an option to threat the natural senile labia major atrophy in post-menopause women.

Plástica na anomalia umbilical num paciente portador de síndrome de rieger / Umbilical stump plasty in a patient with rieger syndrome

Neste estudo demonstra-se a tática encontrada pelos autores no tratamento da anomalia umbilical numa paciente portadora da síndrome de Rieger. A estratégia baseia-se na delimitação fusiforme e sinuosa no sítio do umbigo original.A partir desta projeção divide-se o umbigo anômalo em quatro retalhos, descolando-os sob o plano dérmico centrifugamente. Os retalhos são aproximados ao plano do neo-umbigo, ressecados os exces- sos e suturados na parte interna do umbigo previamente delimitado. Nesta paciente obteve-se a anatomia do umbigo com sucesso. Desse modo, os autores sugerem esta abordagem em casos similares.

In this study, the authors demonstrated a strategy to correct a challenge umbilical anomaly in a 20 years- old young woman with Rieger syndrome. The approach utilized was a four flaps technique performed easily, proportioning a nice anatomic shape of the altered umbilicus. In this way, the authors suggest that this procedure could be considered to the armamentarium of the plastic surgeon.

Retalho cutâneo mandibular para o tratamento das unidades faciais malares e orbiculares / Jawline skin flap to repair cheek and labial facial units

Repor a integridade tecidual nas unidades faciais malar e orbicular às vezes se torna difícil devido a falta de desenhos adequados de retalhos de vizinhança. Sendo assim, os autores apresentam detalhes de um retalho fascio-cutâneo desenhado sobre o contorno mandibular, com indicação na reparação das unidades faciais malar e hemi-lábio superior homo-lateral. O estudo é demonstrado em seis casos clínicos, onde o retalho proposto foi indicado com sucesso. O segmento pós-operatório variou de 2 a 5 anos.

The treatment of one or two facial units after ressection of complex lesions, sometimes offers some difficulty to the surgeon. Local flaps coverage sometimes has no specific planning in the literature. The aim of this study is to demonstrated details of a flap designed over the mandibular contouring to replace the malar and orbicular facial units at the same time. Successful clinical is presented to prove the clinical efficacy of the flap in six patients. This strategy is utilized by the authors the last 10 years without relevant complications. All the flaps were delayed pre-operatively for two weeks. In young patients the flap is expanded pre-operatively. The flaps healed uneventfully in all patients. The patients were followed- up for 2 to five years. The results were considered satisfactory in al patients, whose ages between 17 to 50 years. Providing a good quality skin, the mandibular flap proposed seems to be a useful solution to overcome the skin coverage dilemma in the patients with lesions over malar and orbicular region.