The mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and medication adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the status of medication adherence in diabetic patients and its effective factors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 170 diabetic patients in Iran. Participants were assessed for medication adherence, self-efficacy, and social support. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple stepwise regression were conducted to explore predictors for medication adherence. Results: Regression analysis showed that 48% of medication adherence changes stemmed from the four variables including social support, self-efficacy, income, and education levels, (R2adj = 0.480, F = 39.943, p < 0.001). According to the model, the highest effects were related to income level (ß = 0.332, t = 5.493, p ⩽ 0.001) and self-efficacy (ß = 0.330, t = 4.789, p ⩽ 0.001), respectively. Based on the final model, only the social support variable showed no significant relationship with adherence (ß = 0.002, t = 0.032, p = 0.947). Conclusion: Social support and self-efficacy were related to medication adherence in diabetic patients, and social support can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes by affecting self-efficacy. Healthcare workers who interact with individuals with diabetes should take into account the factors mentioned above when designing health promotion interventions to address the needs of these individuals.

Nurses' job stress and its impact on quality of life and caring behaviors: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is considered a hard job and their work stresses can have negative effects on health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between job stress with quality of life and care behaviors in nurses. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey design study was performed with the participation of 115 nurses working in two hospitals. The nurses were selected via the availability sampling method and data were collected by demographic characteristics, nurses 'job stress, quality of life (SF12), and Caring Dimension Inventory questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean (SD) total scores of job stress, quality of life and caring behavior were 2.77 (0.54), 56.64 (18.05) and 38.23 (9.39), respectively. There was a statistically significant and negative relationship between total job stress scores with quality of life (r = -0.44, P < 0.001, Medium effect) and caring behaviors (r=-0.26, P < 0.001, Small effect). Univariate linear regression showed that job stress alone could predict 27.9% of the changes in the total quality of life score (ß =-0.534, SE = 0.051, R2adj = 0.279, P < 0.001) and 4.9% of the changes in the total score of caring behaviors (ß =-0.098, SE = 0.037, R2adj = 0.049 P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Job stress has a negative effect on the quality of life related to nurses' health. It can also overshadow the performance of care and reduce such behaviors in nurses, which may be one of the factors affecting the outcome of patients.