ABSTRACT
Objective: We conducted a prospective study to assess the face and content validity of a new virtual reality (VR) extracorporeal circulation simulator (ECC) developed for perfusionists to facilitate training and practice. We evaluated the opinions of students and staff members about the feasibility of the simulation. The 2 groups consisted of experts (qualified perfusionists) and novices (trainee perfusionists). Methods: Perfusionists (n = 12 experts and n = 11 trainees) received instructions on how to use the VR simulator and then proceeded to perform the start of cardiopulmonary bypass in the VR environment. Participants then completed a Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire. The questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (fully disagree) to 5 (fully agree), to assess the face validity and content validity of this simulator. Results: Participants reported a predominantly positive experience with the VR-ECC simulator, with 96% (n = 22) agreeing that the simulator was a useful way of training ECC scenarios. All participants found it easy to interact with the software (100%, n = 23), and 82% of students (n = 9) believed it helped them remember the steps involved with initiating ECC. Finally, (87% [n = 20]) of participants believed the image quality and depth perception were good. Conclusions: Our next-generation simulator was valid for face and content constructs, and almost all participants found it to be a useful way of training for ECC scenarios. This simulator represents a first step toward truly blended digital learning and a new interactive, flexible, and innovative modality for perfusion training.
ABSTRACT
AIM: Globally the traditional model of drug development is changing and the large pharmaceutical companies are looking externally for innovative compounds, new technologies and cost-effective drug development services. New Zealand (NZ) can capitalise on its expertise in innovative drug discovery and development but needs to be able to define and promote its capabilities to the global drug development industry. An approach that will enable a ready assessment of NZ's expertise is presented. METHOD: Interviews will be carried out with key senior personnel from NZ drug discovery groups, drug development companies and organisations that provide a wide range of research and development services. The resulting data will be collated to document current capabilities and expertise, as well as limitations, in NZ's industry and assess their potential for the future. Participants will be asked to identify factors that support and factors that limit their organisation's progress in drug development and to suggest policies that could be implemented to positively influence future performance. CONCLUSION: A formal assessment of New Zealand's capabilities, strengths and limitations in drug development will aid in the promotion of its expertise to overseas organisations and enhance the economic benefits that could accrue to New Zealand.
